The Larynx

Question 1

whats is the larynx and wat does it do

Answer 1

a cartilaginous structure which is anterior to the laryngopharynx (a respiratory organ)

it connects pharynx to trachea

Question 2

what fossa does the laryngopharynx have and what is that fossa

Answer 2

piriform fossa

its a depression in the mucous membrane on each side of the laryngeal inlet w-where there is lodging of foreign bodies

Question 3

where is thelarynx located

Answer 3

below hyoid bone at level of C4-C6

Question 4

what are the functions of the larynx

Answer 4

acts as protective sphincter which separates the lower respiratory system from the alimentary system

voice production

Question 5

the laryngeal skeleton consists of how many cartilages and how are these joined

Answer 5

9 which are joined by membranes and ligaments

Question 6

what are the cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton

Answer 6

there are 3 single cartilages:

• thyroid
• cricoid
• epiglottis

there are 3 paired cartilages:

• arytenoid
• corniculate
• cuneiform

Question 7

what cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

thyroid

cricoid

arytenoid

Question 8

what cartilages are made of elastic fibrocartilage

Answer 8

epiglottic

corniculate

cuneiform

Question 9

with age what happens to some parts of the cartilage

Answer 9

calcify or ossify

Question 10

whats the largest cartilage

Answer 10

thyroid

Question 11

thyroid cartilage forms what prominence

Answer 11

laryngeal prominence which has the adam’s apple when the two plate laminae fuse

Question 12

the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to what

Answer 12

hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membrane

Question 13

the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to what

Answer 13

cricoid cartilage

Question 14

which cartilage forms the foundation of the larynx

Answer 14

cricoid cartilage

Question 15

whats the shape of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 15

signet ring (complete ring)

Question 16

what does the posterior and anterior part of the cricoid cartilage form

Answer 16

posterior- forms a lamina

anterior- forms an arch

Question 17

what does the cricoid cartilage attach to

Answer 17

thyroid cartilage by the median cricothyroid ligament

trachea by cricotracheal ligament

Question 18

what does the epiglottic cartilage form

Answer 18

anterior superior wall and margin of larynx inlet

Question 19

what does the epiglottic cartilage attach to

Answer 19

thyroid cartilage by thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 20

what does the arytenoid cartilage articulate with

Answer 20

superior border of the cricoid cartilage lamina

Question 21

what are the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

Answer 21

they are small nodules in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic folds

Question 22

whats the function of the vocal folds (true vocal cords)

Answer 22

they control sound production

they act as inspiratory sphincter

Question 23

what does each vocal fold have

Answer 23

vocal ligament and a vocalis muscle

Question 24

whats the vocal ligament

Answer 24

the medial free edge of the lateral cricothyroid ligament

Question 25

whats the vocalis muscle

Answer 25

its the medial part of the thyroarytenoid muscle

Question 26

what does the glottis (vocal apparatus) comprise of

Answer 26

vocal folds and processes and aperture between vocal folds

Question 27

changes in pitch of voice occurs due to variation in what

Answer 27

tension and length of the vocal folds width of the aperture between the vocal folds intensity of expiry effort

Question 28

the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) consist of what

Answer 28

2 thick folds of mucous membrane

Question 29

the vestibular folds extend between what

Answer 29

the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

Question 30

whats the vestibule

Answer 30

a space lateral to the vestibular folds (is superior to the vestibular folds)

Question 31

whats the ventricle of the larynx

Answer 31

the lateral indentation between the vocal and vestibular folds

Question 32

the laryngeal cavity and folds are divided into what 3 parts

Answer 32

vestibule ventricle infraglottic cavity- which is from the vocal folds to the inferior of the cricoid cartilages

Question 33

what are the extrinsic laryngeal ligaments and membranes

Answer 33

cricotracheal ligament hyoepiglottic ligament thyroepiglottic ligament thyrohyoid membrane

Question 34

what are the intrinsic laryngeal ligaments and membranes

Answer 34

quadrangular membrane cricothyroid ligament

Question 35

what folds makes up the upper part of the cricothyroid ligament

Answer 35

vocal folds

Question 36

what does the hyoepiglottic ligament attach

Answer 36

epiglottis to the hyoid bone

Question 37

the thyrohyoid ligament extends from

Answer 37

thyroid cartilage to medial surface of the hyoid bone

Question 38

laryngeal muscles are divided into what

Answer 38

extrinsic and intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Question 39

extrinsic laryngeal muscles include what

Answer 39

infrahyoid muscles

Question 40

what do infrahyoid muscles do

Answer 40

depress hyoid bone and larynx

Question 41

intrinsic laryngeal muscles include what

Answer 41

adductors and abductors

Question 42

what do the adductors and abductors muscles do

Answer 42

move the vocal folds to open and close the rima glottidis (aperture between vocal folds)

Question 43

what muscles male up the principle adductors

Answer 43

lateral cricoarytenoids muscle transverse arytenoid muscles

Question 44

what muscle make up the abductors

Answer 44

the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Question 45

which intrinsic laryngeal muscles make up the sphincter

Answer 45

lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 46

which intrinsic laryngeal muscle make up tensors

Answer 46

crocothyroid

Question 47

which intrinsic laryngeal muscles make up relaxers

Answer 47

thyroarytenoid

Question 48

what makes up the vocalis muscles

Answer 48

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

Question 49

what arteries supply the larynx

Answer 49

superior laryngeal artery- which is a branch of the superior thyroid artery a branch of the external carotid artery inferior laryngeal artery- a branch of the inferior thyroid artery a branch of the subclavian artery

Question 50

what veins drain the larynx

Answer 50

superior laryngeal vein inferior laryngeal vein

Question 51

what are the lymph vessels of the larynx

Answer 51

superior deep cervical lymph nodes- pretracheal/ paratracheal lymph nodes- inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 52

what is the nerve supply of the larynx

Answer 52

branches of the vagus nerve i.e. superior laryngeal nerve branches into - internal laryngeal nerve (sensory) of the larynx - external laryngeal nerve (motor) to the cricothyroid muscle recurrent laryngeal nerve (motor)-which supplies most muscles of the larynx

Question 53

motor function of the vagus nerve supplies what

Answer 53

pharyngeal constrictor muscles intrinsic muscles of the larynx muscles of the palate

Question 54

parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve supplies what

Answer 54

smooth muscles of the trachea bronchi GI tract heart

Question 55

sensory function of the vagus nerve supplies what

Answer 55

tongue pharynx larynx thoraco abdominal viscera auricle external auditory meatus meninges of post cranial fossa

Question 56

fractures of the laryngeal skeleton produces what

Answer 56

submucous hemorrhage and edema respiratory obstruction hoarseness pf the voice

Question 57

whats laryngoscopy

Answer 57

a procedure used to examine the interior of the larynx

Question 58

what is laryngitis

Answer 58

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx

Question 59

what can cause laryngeal obstruction (choking)

Answer 59

aspiration of foreign bodies valsalva maneuver-which is when there is forced expiration effort against a closed airway

Question 60

injury to the laryngeal nerves causes what

Answer 60

paralysis of vocal folds which causes a hoarse voice

Question 61

what happens to the larynx in males when they reach puberty

Answer 61

the larynx cavity enlarges and vocal folds lengthen

Question 62

where is the body of hyoid bone located

Answer 62

C3

Question 63

where is the upper border of the thyroid cartilage located

Answer 63

C4

Question 64

where is the cricothyroid ligament located

Answer 64

between cricoid and thyroid cartilage

Question 65

cricoid cartilage lies at

Answer 65

C6

Question 66

where is the cricotracheal ligament located

Answer 66

between the cricoid cartilage and the first ring of the trachea