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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > The Larynx > Flashcards

The Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

whats is the larynx and wat does it do

A

a cartilaginous structure which is anterior to the laryngopharynx (a respiratory organ)

it connects pharynx to trachea

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2
Q

what fossa does the laryngopharynx have and what is that fossa

A

piriform fossa

its a depression in the mucous membrane on each side of the laryngeal inlet w-where there is lodging of foreign bodies

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3
Q

where is thelarynx located

A

below hyoid bone at level of C4-C6

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4
Q

what are the functions of the larynx

A

acts as protective sphincter which separates the lower respiratory system from the alimentary system

voice production

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5
Q

the laryngeal skeleton consists of how many cartilages and how are these joined

A

9 which are joined by membranes and ligaments

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6
Q

what are the cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton

A

there are 3 single cartilages:

  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • epiglottis

there are 3 paired cartilages:

  • arytenoid
  • corniculate
  • cuneiform
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7
Q

what cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage

A

thyroid

cricoid

arytenoid

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8
Q

what cartilages are made of elastic fibrocartilage

A

epiglottic

corniculate

cuneiform

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9
Q

with age what happens to some parts of the cartilage

A

calcify or ossify

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10
Q

whats the largest cartilage

A

thyroid

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11
Q

thyroid cartilage forms what prominence

A

laryngeal prominence which has the adam’s apple when the two plate laminae fuse

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12
Q

the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to what

A

hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membrane

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13
Q

the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage attach to what

A

cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

which cartilage forms the foundation of the larynx

A

cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

whats the shape of the cricoid cartilage

A

signet ring (complete ring)

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16
Q

what does the posterior and anterior part of the cricoid cartilage form

A

posterior- forms a lamina

anterior- forms an arch

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17
Q

what does the cricoid cartilage attach to

A

thyroid cartilage by the median cricothyroid ligament

trachea by cricotracheal ligament

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18
Q

what does the epiglottic cartilage form

A

anterior superior wall and margin of larynx inlet

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19
Q

what does the epiglottic cartilage attach to

A

thyroid cartilage by thyroepiglottic ligament

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20
Q

what does the arytenoid cartilage articulate with

A

superior border of the cricoid cartilage lamina

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21
Q

what are the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages

A

they are small nodules in the posterior part of the aryepiglottic folds

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22
Q

whats the function of the vocal folds (true vocal cords)

A

they control sound production

they act as inspiratory sphincter

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23
Q

what does each vocal fold have

A

vocal ligament and a vocalis muscle

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24
Q

whats the vocal ligament

A

the medial free edge of the lateral cricothyroid ligament

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25
Q

whats the vocalis muscle

A

its the medial part of the thyroarytenoid muscle

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26
Q

what does the glottis (vocal apparatus) comprise of

A

vocal folds and processes and aperture between vocal folds

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27
Q

changes in pitch of voice occurs due to variation in what

A

tension and length of the vocal folds

width of the aperture between the vocal folds

intensity of expiry effort

28
Q

the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) consist of what

A

2 thick folds of mucous membrane

29
Q

the vestibular folds extend between what

A

the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

30
Q

whats the vestibule

A

a space lateral to the vestibular folds (is superior to the vestibular folds)

31
Q

whats the ventricle of the larynx

A

the lateral indentation between the vocal and vestibular folds

32
Q

the laryngeal cavity and folds are divided into what 3 parts

A

vestibule

ventricle

infraglottic cavity- which is from the vocal folds to the inferior of the cricoid cartilages

33
Q

what are the extrinsic laryngeal ligaments and membranes

A

cricotracheal ligament

hyoepiglottic ligament

thyroepiglottic ligament

thyrohyoid membrane

34
Q

what are the intrinsic laryngeal ligaments and membranes

A

quadrangular membrane

cricothyroid ligament

35
Q

what folds makes up the upper part of the cricothyroid ligament

A

vocal folds

36
Q

what does the hyoepiglottic ligament attach

A

epiglottis to the hyoid bone

37
Q

the thyrohyoid ligament extends from

A

thyroid cartilage to medial surface of the hyoid bone

38
Q

laryngeal muscles are divided into what

A

extrinsic and intrinsic laryngeal muscles

39
Q

extrinsic laryngeal muscles include what

A

infrahyoid muscles

40
Q

what do infrahyoid muscles do

A

depress hyoid bone and larynx

41
Q

intrinsic laryngeal muscles include what

A

adductors and abductors

42
Q

what do the adductors and abductors muscles do

A

move the vocal folds to open and close the rima glottidis (aperture between vocal folds)

43
Q

what muscles male up the principle adductors

A

lateral cricoarytenoids muscle

transverse arytenoid muscles

44
Q

what muscle make up the abductors

A

the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

45
Q

which intrinsic laryngeal muscles make up the sphincter

A

lateral cricoarytenoid

46
Q

which intrinsic laryngeal muscle make up tensors

A

crocothyroid

47
Q

which intrinsic laryngeal muscles make up relaxers

A

thyroarytenoid

48
Q

what makes up the vocalis muscles

A

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

49
Q

what arteries supply the larynx

A

superior laryngeal artery- which is a branch of the superior thyroid artery a branch of the external carotid artery

inferior laryngeal artery- a branch of the inferior thyroid artery a branch of the subclavian artery

50
Q

what veins drain the larynx

A

superior laryngeal vein

inferior laryngeal vein

51
Q

what are the lymph vessels of the larynx

A

superior deep cervical lymph nodes- pretracheal/ paratracheal lymph nodes- inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

52
Q

what is the nerve supply of the larynx

A

branches of the vagus nerve i.e.

superior laryngeal nerve branches into

  • internal laryngeal nerve (sensory) of the larynx
  • external laryngeal nerve (motor) to the cricothyroid muscle

recurrent laryngeal nerve (motor)-which supplies most muscles of the larynx

53
Q

motor function of the vagus nerve supplies what

A

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

intrinsic muscles of the larynx

muscles of the palate

54
Q

parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve supplies what

A

smooth muscles of the trachea

bronchi

GI tract

heart

55
Q

sensory function of the vagus nerve supplies what

A

tongue

pharynx

larynx

thoraco abdominal viscera

auricle

external auditory meatus

meninges of post cranial fossa

56
Q

fractures of the laryngeal skeleton produces what

A

submucous hemorrhage and edema

respiratory obstruction

hoarseness pf the voice

57
Q

whats laryngoscopy

A

a procedure used to examine the interior of the larynx

58
Q

what is laryngitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx

59
Q

what can cause laryngeal obstruction (choking)

A

aspiration of foreign bodies

valsalva maneuver-which is when there is forced expiration effort against a closed airway

60
Q

injury to the laryngeal nerves causes what

A

paralysis of vocal folds which causes a hoarse voice

61
Q

what happens to the larynx in males when they reach puberty

A

the larynx cavity enlarges and vocal folds lengthen

62
Q

where is the body of hyoid bone located

A

C3

63
Q

where is the upper border of the thyroid cartilage located

A

C4

64
Q

where is the cricothyroid ligament located

A

between cricoid and thyroid cartilage

65
Q

cricoid cartilage lies at

A

C6

66
Q

where is the cricotracheal ligament located

A

between the cricoid cartilage and the first ring of the trachea

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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