Salivary gland, Tongue, Mouth and Palate Flashcards
whats the mouth
the oral or buccal cavity
what does the mouth do
receives, masticates and swallows food
forms words in speech
is a passage for air in respiration
where is the pharynx is relation to the mouth
posterior
what epithelium lines the mouth and pharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
whats the oral orifice
opening of the oral cavity
what is the fauces
the opening between oral cavity and pharynx
what forms the oral cavity
cheeks, lips, hard and soft palates and tongue
oral cavity is divided into what
vestibule and oral cavity proper
what is the vestibule
what makes up the vestibule externally and internally
a space in the oral cavity
externally-cheeks and lips
internally-gums and teeth
the oral cavity proper is bound by what
hard and soft palates
tongue
floor of mouth
what do the cheeks form
lateral walls of oral cavity
what do the cheeks consist of
outer layers of skin
subcutaneous fat
facial muscles which manipulate food in oral cavity
inner stratified squamous epithelium
where do the cheeks terminate
anteriorly in superior and inferior lips surrounding the oral orifice
what muscle forms the lips
orbicularis oris
what is the labial frenulum and what does it do
its a midline fold of mucous membrane which attaches each lips from its inner surface to gum
whats the vermillion
the transition zone between outer skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity
what is the tongue
a mass of skeletal muscle projecting into oral cavity which is covered by a mucous membrane
what divides the tongue
sulcus terminalis into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
whats the V apex and where is it
its the remnant of the opening of the thyroglossal duct
it points posterior at foramen cecum
where do the anterior 2/3 of the tongue lie
in oral cavity
where does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue lie
in pharynx and is attached to hyoid
what lymphoid tissue makes up the tongue base
lingual tonsils
what are the functions of the tongue
mastication
swallowing
sensing food tastes using tastes buds
where on the tongue do you taste :
-sweetness
-saltiness
-sourness and bitterness
apex-tip
lateral margins
posterior part
what are the extrinsic muscles muscles of the tongue
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus
what is the origin and insertion point of the genioglossus
what innervates the genioglossus
whats the action of the genioglossus
superior part of mental spine of mandible to insert in dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid bone
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
-it depresses the tongue
-its posterior part pulls the tongue anteriorly for protrusion
whats the origin and insertion point of the hyoglossus
what innervates the hyoglossus
whats the action of the hyoglossus
body and greater horn of hyoid bone to insert on side and inferior aspect of tongue
hypoglossal nerve
depresses and retracts the tongue
whats the origin and insertion point of the styloglossus
what innervates the styloglossus
whats the action of the styloglossus
styloid process and stylohyoid ligament to insert on side and inferior aspect of tongue
hypoglossal nerve
retracts the tongue and draws it up to create a trough for swallowing
whats the origin and insertion of the palatoglossus
what innervates the palatoglossus
whats the action of the palatoglossus
palatine aponeurosis of soft palate to insert on side of tongue
cranial root of CN XI via the pharyngeal branch of CN X and pharyngeal plexus
it elevates the posterior part of the tongue
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
transverse
vertical
what innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
hypoglossal nerve
whats the arterial supply of the tongue
dorsal lingual artery
deep lingual artery
sublingual artery
whats the venous drainage of the tongue
dorsal lingual vein
deep lingual vein
sublingual vein
whats the innervation of the tongue
glossopharyngeal nerve
hypoglossal nerve
internal laryngeal nerve
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
vagus nerve and its branches
what causes paralysis of the CN XII
fracture of the occipital condyle
tumour near the hypoglossal canal
what happens to the tongue when there is paralysis of the CN XII
atrophy and the tongue will deviate towards the side of the peripheral lesion
what are lymphatics of the tongue
deep cervical lymph nodes
submandibular lymph nodes
submental lymph nodes
what are tongue papillae and what do they do and what do they contain
they are numerous small elevations on dorsal surface of tongue
they help in handling food
contain taste buds
what are the types of papillae on the tongue
-filiform
-fungiform
-vallate (circumvallate)
-foliate
what are the smallest and most numerous papillae
filiform papillae
what is filiform papillae
they are conical projections of CT with tapered tips
what epithelium covers filiform papillae
keratinized squamous epithelium
where is the filiform papillae located
its distributed on the entire anterior dorsal surface
what is fungiform papillae
they are mushroom shaped projections
where do you find fungiform papillae
they are scattered among filiform papillae but are more numerous near the tip of the tongue
what do the fungiform papillae have on the dorsal surface
taste buds
what are circumvallate papillae like
large and few
how are circumvallate papillae arranged
in a V shape anterior to sulcus terminalis
what surrounds the circumvallate papillae
invaginations
what epithelium lines the circumvallate papillae
stratified squamous epithelium
the circumvallate papillae has numerous what
tatse buds
foliate papillae have what type of ridges
parallel
foliate papillae are separated from each other by what
deep mucosa clefts
where are foliate papillae located
on lateral edge of tongue
foliate papillae have many what
taste buds
what empties into the clefts that separate the foliate papillae
serous glands
what is the palate
its the roof of the oral cavity
what does the palate consist of
bony hard palate anteriorly and soft palate posteriorly
what bones makes up the hard palate
maxillae and palatine bones
what structure do you find on the hard palate
palatal rugae-which are transverse ridges on mucous membrane
what makes up the soft palate
muscular arch with mucous membrane
what structure do you find on the soft palate and what does it prevent
uvula-which is a cone shaped projection from the middle lower border of the soft palate that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity when swallowing
what 2 muscular folds extend downwards from both sides of the base of the uvula
-the glossopalatine arch as the anterior fold
-pharyngopalatine arch as the posterior fold
what do you find between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arch
palatine tonsil
what muscles make up the soft palate
-tensor veli palatini
-levator veli palatini
-palatoglossus
-palatopharyngeus
-musculus uvulae
whats the arterial supply of the palate
greater palatine artery
lesser palatine artery
whats the venous drainage of the palate
tributaries of pterygoid venous plexus
whats the nerve supply of the palate
greater palatine nerves
nasopalatine nerve
lesser palatine nerve
a cleft palate is associated with what
cleft lip
what causes a cleft palate
due to failure of mesenchymal masses in the lateral processes to fuse because neural crests are implicated
whats the mucosa of the oral cavity
masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
specialized mucosa
where do you find masticatory mucosa
gum
hard palate
what epithelium does masticatory mucosa have
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what epithelium does lining mucosa have
thicker nonkeratinized stratified epithelium
where do you find lining mucosa
-lips and cheeks
-floor of mouth
-inferior surfaces of tongue
-soft palate
where do you find specialized mucosa
dorsal surface of tongue
what does specialized mucosa have
papillae and taste buds
what do salivary glands produce
saliva
what makes up saliva
water
proteins (enzymes & antibodies)
electrolytes
what are the major paired salivary glands
parotid glands ( beside ear)
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
what is the minor salivary gland and where is it located
buccal gland
located in submucosa of different parts of the oral cavity
where is the parotid gland
lies subcutaneous over masseter muscle
what does the parotid gland have
parotid duct
where does the parotid gland enter the oral cavity
lateral to the upper 2nd molar
where is the submandibular gland
inferior to base of tongue
what does the submandibular gland have
submandibular duct
where does the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity
lateral to lingual frenulum
where is the sublingual gland
anterior to submandibular gland and under the tongue
the sublingual gland has several what
small ducts
where does the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity
along base of tongue
what are the structures embedded in the parotid gland
facial nerve and its branches
retromandibular vein
external carotid artery and its branches
parotid lymph nodes
what type of gland is the submandibular gland
compound tubulo-alveolar gland
the submandibular gland consists of what secreting end pieces (acini) and what are the majority of the acini of the gland
serous, mucous and mixed
majority of the acini are serous in nature
serous acini contain what
what is the shape of the serous acini
what do the serous acini secrete
serous cells
spherical
protein secreting
what do mucous acini contain
whats the shape of the mucous acini
what do mucous acini secrete
mucous cells
tubular
mucin secreting
what do mixed acini contain
what do the mucous acini have
serous and mucous cells
they have a cap of serous cells called serous demilunes
whats the submandibular duct system
intercalated duct- intralobular
striated duct-intralobular
excretory duct-interlobular
whats parotiditis
inflammation of the parotid gland
whats mumps
an acute viral infection which causes enlargement of the salivary glands
what would cause an excision of the submandibular gland
tumor in its duct
what are tonsils
aggregations of lymphatic nodules located posterior to oral cavity
what are examples of tonsils
palatine
lingual
