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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Skull osteology-Cranial base > Flashcards

Skull osteology-Cranial base Flashcards

1
Q

cranial base is divided into how many regions

A

3

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2
Q

what are the 3 cranial base regions

A

-anterior cranial fossa (house for frontal lobes)
-middle cranial fossa (house for temporal lobes)
-posterior cranial fossa (house for occipital lobes, cerebellum and medulla oblongata)

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3
Q

the anterior cranial fossa is occupied by

A

inferior and anterior parts of the frontal lobes

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4
Q

anterior cranial fossa is formed by what bones

A

-frontal bone (orbital parts)- anteriorly

-ethmoid bone -middle

-sphenoid bone (body and lesser wing)- posteriorly

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5
Q

surface of anterior cranial fossa shows

A

brain markings of orbital gyri

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6
Q

frontal bone of anterior cranial fossa forms

A

-frontal crest- median bony extension

-foramen caecum- base

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7
Q

ethmoid bone of anterior cranial fossa forms

A

-crista galli- median ridge posterior to foramen caecum

-cribriform plate- sieve like passage for olfactory nerves to olfactory bulb

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8
Q

ethmoid bone is what type of bone of the skull

A

deepest skull bone

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9
Q

ethmoid bone contributes to what structures (what structures does it give off)

A

perpendicular plates

superior & middle nasal concha

cribriform plate

crista galli

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10
Q

what happens in an anterior cranial fossa fracture

A

-the cribriform plate may be fractured

-results in tearing of the overlying meninges

-patient will have bleeding from the nose and leaking of CSF into the nose (rhinorrhea)

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11
Q

what should happen if a sinus is involved in a fracture

A

antibiotics must be given prophylatically as the sinus renders it a compound fracture even if the skin is intact

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12
Q

what are raccoon eyes

A

periorbital edema and bruising

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13
Q

what kind of fracture do raccoon eyes suggest

A

frontal basal fracture

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14
Q

middle cranial fossa is composed of

A

large depressions on each side

small depression called sella turcica

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15
Q

the middle cranial fossa is formed by which 3 bony parts

A

greater wing of sphenoid bone

squamous part of temporal bone -laterally

petrous part of temporal bone- posteriorly

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16
Q

middle cranial fossa is separated from anterior cranial fossa by

A

sphenoid crest laterally

sphenoid limbus medially

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17
Q

middle cranial fossa is separated from posterior cranial fossa by

A

petrous crest of temporal bones laterally

dorsum sellae of sphenoid medially

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18
Q

middle cranial fossa supports

A

temporal lobes of the cranium

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19
Q

what surrounds the sella turcica

A

anterior and posterior clinoid processes

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20
Q

the sella turcica is composed of what 3 parts

A

tuberculum sella anteriorly

hypophysial fossa (pituitary fossa)

dorsum sellae

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21
Q

what over hangs the sella turcica in the middle cranial fossa

A

lesser wings of sphenoid

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22
Q

the sphenoid bone can also be called

A

keystone bone because its in contact with all of the other cranial bones

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23
Q

sphenoid bone is made up of

A

lesser wing

greater wing

sella turcica

optic canal

F. Rotundum

F. Ovale

F. Spinosum

F. Lacerum

superior orbital fissure

lateral & medial pterygoid P

24
Q

what is the sphenoid bone

A

a prominent, irregular, wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull

25
Q

what are landmarks of the sphenoid bone

A

greater wings- which are large projections of bone that help to form the lateral border of the skull

lesser wings- are smaller lateral projections of bone above the greater wings

pterygoid processes- are 2 long downward projections from the greater wings that act as a point of muscle attachment

sella turcica- which is a turkish saddle which cradles the pituitary gland

26
Q

what are the 4 foramina that perforate the sphenoid bone

A

superior orbital fissure

foramen rotundum

foramen ovale

foramen spinosum

foramen lacerum

27
Q

the superior orbital fissure is between

superior orbital fissure transmits what

A

lesser and greater wings

opthalmic veins and nerves entering the orbit (CN III< CN IV, CN V, CN VI and sympathetic fibers)

28
Q

where is the foramen rotundum

what does the foramen rotundum transmit

A

posterior to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure

maxillary nerve ( CN V2)

29
Q

where is the foramen ovale located

where does the foramen ovale open

what does the foramen ovale transmit

A

posterolaterally to foramen rotundum

infratemporal fossa

mandibular nerve ( CN V3) and small accessory meningeal artery

30
Q

where is the foramen spinosum located

what does the foramen spinosum transmit

A

posterolateral to foramen ovale

middle meningeal vessels and meningeal branch of mandibular nerve

31
Q

what is the foramen lacerum

what covers the foramen lacerum

the foramen lacerum contains a groove for

A

artifact of dried skull

cartilage

the greater petrosal nerve posteriorly and laterally

32
Q

optic canal transmits what

A

CN II (optic nerve)

ophthalmic artery

33
Q

fractures of the middle cranial fossa can result in

A

otorrhea

34
Q

whats otorrhea

A

leakage of blood and CSF from the ear

35
Q

otorrhea suggests

A

fracture of the temporal bone with torn meninges

36
Q

why is the base of the skull commonly involved in fractures

A

bcz its more fragile than the vault

37
Q

which part of the temporal bone is rarely involved in fractures

A

petrous part ( rock like)

38
Q

posterior cranial fossa is what compared to the others

A

largest and deepest

39
Q

posterior cranial fossa is formed by

A

occipital bone

dorsum sella of sphenoid medially

petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone anterolaterally

40
Q

whats the clivius

A

centrally inclined part of occipital bone

41
Q

what does the posterior cranial fossa contain

A

cerebellum

pons

medulla oblongata

42
Q

the posterior cranial fossa is divided by

A

the internal occipital crest into 2 crebellar fossae

43
Q

the internal occipital fossa ends up in the

A

internal occipital protuberance ( confluence of dural venous sinuses)

44
Q

what are in the grooves located anterolaterally of the posterior cranial fossa

A

transverse and sigmoid dural venous sinuses

45
Q

what foramina and apertures does the posterior cranial fossa have

A

foramen magnum

jugular foramen

hypoglossal canal

internal acoustic meatus

46
Q

what does foramen magnum transmit

A

medulla and meninges

vertebral arteries

spinal roots of CN XI

dural veins

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

47
Q

what does the jugular foramen transmit

A

CNs IX, X, XI

superior bulb of internal jugular vein

inferior petrous and sigmoid sinuses

meningeal branches of pharyngeal and occipital arteries

48
Q

what does the hypoglossal canal transmit

A

hypoglossal nerve ( CN XII)

49
Q

what does the internal acoustic meatus transmit

A

facial, vestibulocochlear nerves ( CN VIII)

50
Q

Describe the walls of the cranial cavity in (men and women) and (children and the elderly)

A

thinner in females than men

thinner in children that the elderly

51
Q

bones of the walls of the cranial cavity contain

A

internal and external tables of compact bone

52
Q

tables of the cranial cavity are separated by

A

diploe

53
Q

what does the diploe contain

A

red bone marrow

canals containing diploic veins

54
Q

the clivus is formed from what bones

A

sphenoid and occipital bones

55
Q

what can be seen in children and young adults and shouldnt be confused with a fracture

A

the spheno occipital synchrodrosis

56
Q

what accounts for majority of skull base growth

A

clivus

57
Q

what can happen in a posterior fossa fracture

A

blood may appear from under muscles near the mastoid process days afterwards

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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