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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Structure of the Cerebellum > Flashcards

Structure of the Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

whats the cerebellum

A

its the motor part of the brain

(an older brain area with a simple regular architecture)

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2
Q

what does the cerebellum make up

A

10% of the brain volume but it contains 50% of the brains neurons i.e. it has 4x as many neurons as the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

whats the cerebellum necessary for

A

smooth, accurate performance of motor actions

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4
Q

what happens if someone doesn’t have a cerebellum

A

they can still move but their actions wont be coordinated

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5
Q

what are the function of the cerebellum

A

-maintains equilibrium
-controls posture
-muscle tone i.e. it coordinates muscle contraction in both stereotype and non-stereotype (voluntary movements)

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6
Q

where is the cerebellum located

A

on lower part of the posterior cranial fossa

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7
Q

what separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe

A

tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

the cerebellum lies behind what

A

posterior aspect of the pons and medulla

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9
Q

the cerebellum forms the roof of what

A

4th ventricle

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10
Q

the cerebellum contain what

A

2 cerebellar hemispheres (left & right)

the vermis in the central part which unites the hemispheres

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11
Q

the surface of the cerebellum bears what

A

curved fissures between narrow folds called folia

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12
Q

what are the fissures of the cerebellum

A

primary fissure

posterolateral fissure (on inferior surface)

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13
Q

the primary fissure divides the cerebellum into what

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe

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14
Q

what does the posterolateral fissure of the cerebellum do

A

it separates the flocculonodular lobe from the body of the cerebellum ( corpus cerebelli)

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15
Q

whats the superior vermis

A

a slight ridge which extends anteriorly to include the lingula of medullary vellum

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16
Q

what demarcates the inferior vermis

A

vallecula cerebelli

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17
Q

the vermis is antero-posteriorly divided into what

A

nodule
uvula
pyramid

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18
Q

what does the nodule extend

A

a stalk to the flocculus forming the flocculonodular lobe

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19
Q

whats the tonsil

A

a partially separated lobule that over hangs the inferior vermis

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20
Q

where is the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

marked behind by the primary fissure

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21
Q

what makes up the posterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

the remainder of hemispheres + uvula= + pyramid

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22
Q

what makes up the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

A

nodule + flocculum

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23
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar lobules and what are they divided into

A

anterior- divided into 3 lobules

posterior- divided into 7 lobules

flocculonodular

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24
Q

what are the 10 lobules

A
  1. lingula
  2. central
  3. culmen
  4. declive
  5. folium
  6. tuber
  7. pyramis
  8. uvula
  9. tonsil
  10. flocculonodular
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25
whats the first phylogenetic division of the cerebellum to develop
the archcerebellum with the vestibular nuclei
26
the archcerebellum is well developed what
fish
27
in humans how is the archcerebellum represented
by : flocculonodular lobe + lingula vestibular system
28
the archcerebellum is involved in what mechanics
mechanics of balance (equilibrium)
29
whats the 2nd phylogenetic division of the cerebellum to develop
paleocerebellum
30
the paleocerebellum is well developed in what
reptiles
31
in humans how is the paleocerebellum represented
by: anterior lobe anterior and posterior vermis
32
how does the paleocerebellum connect to the spinal cord
through motor neurons for muscle tones
33
whats the last phylogenetic division of the cerebellum to develop
the neocerebellum (posterior lobe)
34
the neocerebellum is well developed in what
humans
35
what does the neocerebellum control
non-stereotyped skilled learned activities
36
what do the cerebellar peduncles do
connect the cerebellum to the brainstem
37
the cerebellar peduncles convey what
inputs and outputs from parts of the body to the cerebellar cortex
38
what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles
superior peduncle (brachium conjuctivum) middle peduncle (branchium pontis) inferior peduncle (restiform body)
39
what does the superior peduncle connect
the cerebellum to the junction of the pons and the midbrain
40
what does the superior peduncle contain
both afferent and efferent fibers to the red nucleus ( at the level of the superior colliculus) and thalamus
41
what does the middle peduncle connect
the cerebellum to the pons
42
what does the middle peduncle contain
afferent fibers from the pontine nuclei of the contralateral side
43
what does the inferior peduncle connect
the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata
44
what fibers does the inferior peduncle carry
afferent and efferent i.e. -carries spinocerebellar fibers from the spinal cord -carries from medulla oblongata i.e. cuneocerebellar fibers from nucleus cuneatus -carries reticuocerebellar fibers to cerebellum -carries climbing fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum
45
the middle cerebellar peduncle involves fibers from what
contralateral pons to cerebellum
46
the superior cerebellar peduncle efferent fibers leave the cerebellum to go to the
thalamus and spinal cord
47
the cerebellum consists of what components
cortex/surface layer (gray matter) medullary center (white matter)
48
where is the gray matter of the cerebellum contained
in transverse folds/ folia
49
what does the white matter of the cerebellum contain
4 pairs of deep intracerebellar nuclei
50
where does the deep intracerebellar nuclei lie
in the roof of the 4th ventricle hence called roof nuclei
51
what are the deep cerebellar nuclei
fastigial nucleus globose nucleus emboliform nucleus dentate nucleus
52
where does the fastigial nucleus lie
close to midline on the anterior surface of the superior vermis
53
the fastigial nucleus is well developed in what
fish
54
what does the fastigial nucleus control
the functions of the arch cerebellum
55
where does the globose nucleus lie
on lateral side of the fastigial but medial to the emboliform nucleus
56
what does the globose nucleus control
functions of the paleocerebellum
57
where does the emboliform nucleus lie
on the medial side of the dentate
58
what does the emboliform nucleus control
functions of the paleocerebellum
59
where is the dentate nucleus located
it occupies the center of the cerebellar hemispheres
60
what does the dentate nucleus have
a hilum that faces medially
61
the dentate nucleus is well developed in what
humans
62
what does the dentate nucleus control
functions of the neocerebellum
63
what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex
molecular layer purkinje layer granular layer
64
the molecular layer consists of what
axons and dendrites of various cerebellar neurons
65
what are the sublayers of the molecular layer
stellate cell layer basket cell layer
66
what neurotransmitter does the stellate cell release where do the afferent fibers of the stellate cell come from and where do the efferent fibers of the stellate cells go to
taurine which is inhibitory afferent-parallel fiber efferent-purkinje cell dendrite
67
what neurotransmitter does the basket cell release where do the afferent fibers of the basket cell come from and where do the efferent fibers of the basket cell go to
GABA which is inhibitory afferent- parallel fiber efferent- purkinje cell soma
68
what makes up the purkinje fiber layer
purkinje cells
69
what happens in the purkinje fiber layer
climbing fibers synapse with dendrites of purkinje fibers in the molecular layer
70
what neurotransmitter do the purkinje cells release
GABA which is inhibitory
71
where do the afferent fibers of the purkinje cell layer come from
parallel fiber climbing fiber stellate cell basket cell
72
where do the efferent fibers of the purkinje cell go to
the deep cortical nuclei

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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