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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Structure of the Cerebellum > Flashcards

Structure of the Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

whats the cerebellum

A

its the motor part of the brain

(an older brain area with a simple regular architecture)

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2
Q

what does the cerebellum make up

A

10% of the brain volume but it contains 50% of the brains neurons i.e. it has 4x as many neurons as the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

whats the cerebellum necessary for

A

smooth, accurate performance of motor actions

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4
Q

what happens if someone doesn’t have a cerebellum

A

they can still move but their actions wont be coordinated

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5
Q

what are the function of the cerebellum

A

-maintains equilibrium
-controls posture
-muscle tone i.e. it coordinates muscle contraction in both stereotype and non-stereotype (voluntary movements)

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6
Q

where is the cerebellum located

A

on lower part of the posterior cranial fossa

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7
Q

what separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe

A

tentorium cerebelli

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8
Q

the cerebellum lies behind what

A

posterior aspect of the pons and medulla

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9
Q

the cerebellum forms the roof of what

A

4th ventricle

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10
Q

the cerebellum contain what

A

2 cerebellar hemispheres (left & right)

the vermis in the central part which unites the hemispheres

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11
Q

the surface of the cerebellum bears what

A

curved fissures between narrow folds called folia

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12
Q

what are the fissures of the cerebellum

A

primary fissure

posterolateral fissure (on inferior surface)

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13
Q

the primary fissure divides the cerebellum into what

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe

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14
Q

what does the posterolateral fissure of the cerebellum do

A

it separates the flocculonodular lobe from the body of the cerebellum ( corpus cerebelli)

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15
Q

whats the superior vermis

A

a slight ridge which extends anteriorly to include the lingula of medullary vellum

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16
Q

what demarcates the inferior vermis

A

vallecula cerebelli

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17
Q

the vermis is antero-posteriorly divided into what

A

nodule
uvula
pyramid

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18
Q

what does the nodule extend

A

a stalk to the flocculus forming the flocculonodular lobe

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19
Q

whats the tonsil

A

a partially separated lobule that over hangs the inferior vermis

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20
Q

where is the anterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

marked behind by the primary fissure

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21
Q

what makes up the posterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

the remainder of hemispheres + uvula= + pyramid

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22
Q

what makes up the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum

A

nodule + flocculum

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23
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar lobules and what are they divided into

A

anterior- divided into 3 lobules

posterior- divided into 7 lobules

flocculonodular

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24
Q

what are the 10 lobules

A
  1. lingula
  2. central
  3. culmen
  4. declive
  5. folium
  6. tuber
  7. pyramis
  8. uvula
  9. tonsil
  10. flocculonodular
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25
Q

whats the first phylogenetic division of the cerebellum to develop

A

the archcerebellum with the vestibular nuclei

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26
Q

the archcerebellum is well developed what

A

fish

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27
Q

in humans how is the archcerebellum represented

A

by :

flocculonodular lobe + lingula

vestibular system

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28
Q

the archcerebellum is involved in what mechanics

A

mechanics of balance (equilibrium)

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29
Q

whats the 2nd phylogenetic division of the cerebellum to develop

A

paleocerebellum

30
Q

the paleocerebellum is well developed in what

A

reptiles

31
Q

in humans how is the paleocerebellum represented

A

by:

anterior lobe

anterior and posterior vermis

32
Q

how does the paleocerebellum connect to the spinal cord

A

through motor neurons for muscle tones

33
Q

whats the last phylogenetic division of the cerebellum to develop

A

the neocerebellum (posterior lobe)

34
Q

the neocerebellum is well developed in what

A

humans

35
Q

what does the neocerebellum control

A

non-stereotyped skilled learned activities

36
Q

what do the cerebellar peduncles do

A

connect the cerebellum to the brainstem

37
Q

the cerebellar peduncles convey what

A

inputs and outputs from parts of the body to the cerebellar cortex

38
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles

A

superior peduncle (brachium conjuctivum)

middle peduncle (branchium pontis)

inferior peduncle (restiform body)

39
Q

what does the superior peduncle connect

A

the cerebellum to the junction of the pons and the midbrain

40
Q

what does the superior peduncle contain

A

both afferent and efferent fibers to the red nucleus ( at the level of the superior colliculus) and thalamus

41
Q

what does the middle peduncle connect

A

the cerebellum to the pons

42
Q

what does the middle peduncle contain

A

afferent fibers from the pontine nuclei of the contralateral side

43
Q

what does the inferior peduncle connect

A

the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata

44
Q

what fibers does the inferior peduncle carry

A

afferent and efferent i.e.

-carries spinocerebellar fibers from the spinal cord
-carries from medulla oblongata i.e. cuneocerebellar fibers from nucleus cuneatus
-carries reticuocerebellar fibers to cerebellum
-carries climbing fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum

45
Q

the middle cerebellar peduncle involves fibers from what

A

contralateral pons to cerebellum

46
Q

the superior cerebellar peduncle efferent fibers leave the cerebellum to go to the

A

thalamus and spinal cord

47
Q

the cerebellum consists of what components

A

cortex/surface layer (gray matter)

medullary center (white matter)

48
Q

where is the gray matter of the cerebellum contained

A

in transverse folds/ folia

49
Q

what does the white matter of the cerebellum contain

A

4 pairs of deep intracerebellar nuclei

50
Q

where does the deep intracerebellar nuclei lie

A

in the roof of the 4th ventricle hence called roof nuclei

51
Q

what are the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

fastigial nucleus

globose nucleus

emboliform nucleus

dentate nucleus

52
Q

where does the fastigial nucleus lie

A

close to midline on the anterior surface of the superior vermis

53
Q

the fastigial nucleus is well developed in what

A

fish

54
Q

what does the fastigial nucleus control

A

the functions of the arch cerebellum

55
Q

where does the globose nucleus lie

A

on lateral side of the fastigial but medial to the emboliform nucleus

56
Q

what does the globose nucleus control

A

functions of the paleocerebellum

57
Q

where does the emboliform nucleus lie

A

on the medial side of the dentate

58
Q

what does the emboliform nucleus control

A

functions of the paleocerebellum

59
Q

where is the dentate nucleus located

A

it occupies the center of the cerebellar hemispheres

60
Q

what does the dentate nucleus have

A

a hilum that faces medially

61
Q

the dentate nucleus is well developed in what

A

humans

62
Q

what does the dentate nucleus control

A

functions of the neocerebellum

63
Q

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

molecular layer

purkinje layer

granular layer

64
Q

the molecular layer consists of what

A

axons and dendrites of various cerebellar neurons

65
Q

what are the sublayers of the molecular layer

A

stellate cell layer

basket cell layer

66
Q

what neurotransmitter does the stellate cell release

where do the afferent fibers of the stellate cell come from and where do the efferent fibers of the stellate cells go to

A

taurine which is inhibitory

afferent-parallel fiber
efferent-purkinje cell dendrite

67
Q

what neurotransmitter does the basket cell release

where do the afferent fibers of the basket cell come from and where do the efferent fibers of the basket cell go to

A

GABA which is inhibitory

afferent- parallel fiber
efferent- purkinje cell soma

68
Q

what makes up the purkinje fiber layer

A

purkinje cells

69
Q

what happens in the purkinje fiber layer

A

climbing fibers synapse with dendrites of purkinje fibers in the molecular layer

70
Q

what neurotransmitter do the purkinje cells release

A

GABA which is inhibitory

71
Q

where do the afferent fibers of the purkinje cell layer come from

A

parallel fiber
climbing fiber
stellate cell
basket cell

72
Q

where do the efferent fibers of the purkinje cell go to

A

the deep cortical nuclei

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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