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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches, Pouches and Cysts > Flashcards

Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches, Pouches and Cysts Flashcards

1
Q

branchial refers to

A

gills

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2
Q

pharyngeal arches form what week

A

4th

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3
Q

neural crest cells form most of what

A

skeletal and connective tissues of head and neck

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4
Q

how are pharyngeal arches numbered

A

cranial to caudal

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5
Q

how many pharyngeal arches are there

A

6 pairs i.e.

4 well defined pairs which are visible externally and the 5th and 6th pairs are rudimental

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6
Q

the pharyngeal arches are separated by what

A

endodermally lined pouches and ectodermally lined clefts (grooves)

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7
Q

each arch consists of

A

NAC i.e.
nerve
artery
cartilage

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8
Q

what prominences come from the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

maxilla and mandible bones
zygomatic bone

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9
Q

what cartilage comes from the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

Meckel’s cartilage
malleus and incus
anterior ligament of malleus
sphenomandibular ligament

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10
Q

what muscles come from the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

temporalis
masseter
pterygoids
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
tensor veli palatini
tensor tympani

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11
Q

what nerve comes from the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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12
Q

what do you get from the 1st pharyngeal pouch

A

eustachian tube
tympanic membrane
temporal bone

(tubotympanic recess)

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13
Q

1st pharyngeal groove develops into

A

external acoustic meatus

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14
Q

what happens to the remaining pharyngeal grooves

A

they disappear and form the cervical sinus

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15
Q

what does the 2nd pharyngeal arch overgrow

A

pharyngeal clefts

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16
Q

incomplete obliteration of the branchial clefts causes what

A

formation of an abnormal lateral cervical cyst or fistula

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17
Q

what cartilage do you get from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

Reichert’s cartilage i.e.

stapes
upper body and lower cornu of hyoid bone
the styloid process of the temporal bone
stylohyoid ligament

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18
Q

what muscles do you get from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

platysma
muscles of facial expression
stylohyoid
stapedius
posterior belly of digastric

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19
Q

what nerve do you get from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

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20
Q

what artery do you get from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

stapedial artery

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21
Q

what do you get from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch

A

lymphatic nodules called palatine tonsils

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22
Q

what does the cartilage from the 3rd pharyngeal arch form

A

lower body of the hyoid and greater cornu of the hyoid bone

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23
Q

what muscles do you get from the 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

stylopharyngeus

superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors

24
Q

what nerve do you get from the 3rd branchial arch

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

25
Q

what artery do you get from the 3rd branchial arch

A

common carotid

proximal portions of the internal and external carotid

26
Q

what do you get from the 3rd branchial pouch

A

inferior parathyroids
thymus gland

27
Q

what do the 4th and 6th branchial arch cartilages do

A

fuse to form laryngeal cartilages

28
Q

what muscles do you get from the 4th branchial arch

A

cricothyroid
inferior pharyngeal constrictors
all muscles of the palate except tensor veli palatini

29
Q

what nerve do you get from the 4th branchial arch

A

superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve

30
Q

what artery do you get from the 4th branchial arch

A

right subclavian
aortic arch

31
Q

what do you get from the 4th branchial pouch

A

superior parathyroid glands

parafollicular thyroid cells (ultimobranchial body)

32
Q

5th branchial arch if present is

A

rudimentary

33
Q

what muscles come from the 6th branchial arch

A

remaining intrinsic laryngeal musculature

34
Q

what nerve comes from the 6th branchial arch

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of vagus nerve

35
Q

what artery comes from the 6th branchial arch

A

pulmonary artery
ductus arteriosus

36
Q

what innervates the 1st branchial arch

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

37
Q

what innervates the 2nd branchial arch

A

facial nerve (CN VII)

38
Q

what innervates the 3rd branchial arch

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

39
Q

what innervates the 4th and 6th branchial arches

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

40
Q

what nerves innervate muscles derived from preotic somites

A

oculomotor (CN III)
trochlear (CN IV)
abducents (CN VI)

41
Q

what nerve innervates muscles derived from occipital somites

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

42
Q

trigeminal nerve innervates what

A

8 muscles derived from the 1st arch

43
Q

facial nerve innervates what muscles

A

muscles of the facial expression and the rest of the muscles from the 2nd arch

44
Q

what muscle does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

A

stylopharyngeus

45
Q

what muscles does the vagus nerve innervate

A

most of the muscles of the palate
most of the muscles of the pharynx
most of the muscles of the larynx

46
Q

what muscle does the hypoglossal nerve innervate

A

muscles of the tongue

47
Q

where do branchial cysts develop

A

along anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

48
Q

most branchial cysts are found where

A

inferior to angle of mandible

49
Q

when do branchial cysts often present

A

in adulthood

50
Q

what are branchial cysts

A

remnants of cervical sinus and / 2nd branchial groove

51
Q

what are branchial vestiges and where are they located

A

they are cartilaginous / bony remnants

anterior to inferior third of sternocleidomastoid

52
Q

what does the first arch syndrome result in

A

various congenital anomalies of eyes, ear, mandible and palate

53
Q

what causes 1st arch syndrome

A

when migration of neural crest cells into the 1st branchial arch are implicated

54
Q

what are the 2 manifestations of first arch syndrome

A

Treacher Collins syndrome- where there is underdevelopment of zygomatic bones of face, defects of lower eyelids and external ear deformities

Pierre Robin syndrome- where there is hypoplasia of the mandible, cleft palate and eye and ear defects

55
Q

how does the thyroid gland develop

A

from endoderm of the floor of primitive pharynx between 1st and 2nd arches

it then descends as a bi-lobed diverticulum from the foramen cecum around the 4th to rest in the neck region by 7-8 week

56
Q

Where do all the muscles of the larynx come from

A

6th pharyngeal arch except the cricothyroid

57
Q

Where are the extrinsic (-glossus) and intrinsic muscles of the tongue derived from

A

Occipital somites except the palatoglossus (which is from 4th arch)

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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