Pharynx and Swallowing Flashcards
were is the pharynx in relation to mouth
posterior
the mouth and pharynx are lined by what epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
what opening is between the oral cavity and pharynx
fauces
the pharynx is divided into what
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
whats the function of the pharynx
deglutition/ swallowing
respiration
whats the superior boundary of the pharynx
body of sphenoid and occipital bones
whats the posterior boundary of the pharynx
buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia
pharyngeal constrictor muscles
C1-C6
whats the lateral boundary of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus muscle
medial pterygoid muscle
carotid sheath
thyroid gland
whats the anterior boundary of the pharynx
continuous with nasal and oral cavities
larynx
whats the inferior boundary of the pharynx
esophagus
where is the nasopharynx
posterior to nose and superior to soft palate
whats the function of the nasopharynx
respiratory function
the anterosuperior portion of the nasopharynx is innervated by
maxillary nerve
the nasopharynx which is distal to opening of auditory tube and rest of pharynx is innervated by
glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve
whats the pharyngeal tonsil
lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membrane of posterior and superior nasopharynx
the enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil is referred as
adenoid
adenoid is common in who
adenoid can be caused by
what are symptoms of adenoid
whats the treatment for adenoid
children
ear or sinus infections
difficulty breathing and can produce a nasal obstruction
antibiotics
the pharyngotympanic tube is marked by what
torus tubarius
whats the torus tubarius
its the circular terminal end of the auditory tubes cartilage
what does the pharyngotympanic do
connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear
what does the pharyngotympanic tube do when its open
it equilibrates pressure within the middle ear with that of the pharynx
the pharyngotympanic tube is a potential path for what
spread of infection from pharynx to middle ear
the cartilaginous portion of the pharyngotympanic tube is closed or open during what
swallowing/ yawning due to contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscle
the oropharynx extends from
soft palate to top of epiglottis
what are the boundaries pf the oropharynx
superiorly- by soft palate
inferiorly- by base of tongue
laterally- by palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
and the posterior wall is anterior to the prevertebral fascia, pharyngeal constrictor muscles, C2 and C3 vertebrae
what tonsils are involved in tonsillectomy
palatine tonsils
the laryngopharynx extends from
superior border of epiglottis to esophagus
what are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx
anteriorly- laryngeal inlet
posteriorly- musculofascial wall and C4-C6 vertebrae
lateral to the laryngeal inlet ( piriform recesses)
inferiorly the laryngopharynx narrows (cricopharyngeal sphincter of esophagus)
what are the muscles of the pharynx
pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles
longitudinally oriented muscles
what make up the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles
superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
whats the action of the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles
constrict pharynx and maintain its walls
the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles have sphincter function where
at laryngopharyngeal and esophageal junction
what make up the longitudinally oriented muscles
palatopharyngeal and stylopharyngeus muscles
whats the action of the longitudinally oriented muscles
elevate pharynx and larynx
whats the arterial supply of the pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
ascending and descending palatine arteries
lingual artery
whats the venous drainage of the pharynx
pharyngeal venous plexus
whats the lymphatic drainage of the pharynx
tonsillar nodes (jugulodigastric nodes)
whats the innervation of the pharynx
pharyngeal plexus from vagus nerve
superior cervical sympathetic ganglion
maxillary nerve
glossopharyngeal nerve
internal laryngeal nerve
recurrent laryngeal nerve
whats swallowing/deglutition
the mechanical and physiological act of moving food/fluid from oral cavity to stomach
describe the 1st stage of deglutition
its voluntary
it follows mastication
the mouth is closed and breathing is temporarily interrupted
a bolus is formed by the contraction of the mylohyoid and styloglossus muscles and intrinsic muscles of tongue
describe the 2nd stage of deglutition
its the passage of the bolus through the pharynx
its involuntary
sensory receptors are stimulated at the opening of the oropharynx
theres pressure of the tongue against the hard palate which seals the nasopharynx from the oral cavity and causes the bolus into oropharynx
the soft palate and uvula are elevated to close nasopharynx as bolus passes
the hyoid bone and larynx are elevated
the elevation of the larynx against epiglottis seals the glottis preventing bolus entry into the trachea
there is also sequential contraction of constrictor muscles which move the bolus through pharynx to esophagus
describe the 3rd stage of deglutition
there is entry of food through the esophagus
its involuntary
bolus is moved through esophagus by peristalsis
what is transsphenoidal pituitary hypophysectomy
its a procedure were you gain access to pituitary adenoma through the nasopharynx
infected adenoids may produce what
nasal obstruction
