Pharynx and Swallowing

Question 1

were is the pharynx in relation to mouth

Answer 1

posterior

Question 2

the mouth and pharynx are lined by what epithelium

Answer 2

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 3

what opening is between the oral cavity and pharynx

Answer 3

fauces

Question 4

the pharynx is divided into what

Answer 4

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

Question 5

whats the function of the pharynx

Answer 5

deglutition/ swallowing

respiration

Question 6

whats the superior boundary of the pharynx

Answer 6

body of sphenoid and occipital bones

Question 7

whats the posterior boundary of the pharynx

Answer 7

buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

C1-C6

Question 8

whats the lateral boundary of the pharynx

Answer 8

stylopharyngeus muscle

medial pterygoid muscle

carotid sheath

thyroid gland

Question 9

whats the anterior boundary of the pharynx

Answer 9

continuous with nasal and oral cavities

larynx

Question 10

whats the inferior boundary of the pharynx

Answer 10

esophagus

Question 11

where is the nasopharynx

Answer 11

posterior to nose and superior to soft palate

Question 12

whats the function of the nasopharynx

Answer 12

respiratory function

Question 13

the anterosuperior portion of the nasopharynx is innervated by

Answer 13

maxillary nerve

Question 14

the nasopharynx which is distal to opening of auditory tube and rest of pharynx is innervated by

Answer 14

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

Question 15

whats the pharyngeal tonsil

Answer 15

lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membrane of posterior and superior nasopharynx

Question 16

the enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil is referred as

Answer 16

adenoid

Question 17

adenoid is common in who

adenoid can be caused by

what are symptoms of adenoid

whats the treatment for adenoid

Answer 17

children

ear or sinus infections

difficulty breathing and can produce a nasal obstruction

antibiotics

Question 18

the pharyngotympanic tube is marked by what

Answer 18

torus tubarius

Question 19

whats the torus tubarius

Answer 19

its the circular terminal end of the auditory tubes cartilage

Question 20

what does the pharyngotympanic do

Answer 20

connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Question 21

what does the pharyngotympanic tube do when its open

Answer 21

it equilibrates pressure within the middle ear with that of the pharynx

Question 22

the pharyngotympanic tube is a potential path for what

Answer 22

spread of infection from pharynx to middle ear

Question 23

the cartilaginous portion of the pharyngotympanic tube is closed or open during what

Answer 23

swallowing/ yawning due to contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscle

Question 24

the oropharynx extends from

Answer 24

soft palate to top of epiglottis

Question 25

what are the boundaries pf the oropharynx

Answer 25

superiorly- by soft palate inferiorly- by base of tongue laterally- by palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches and the posterior wall is anterior to the prevertebral fascia, pharyngeal constrictor muscles, C2 and C3 vertebrae

Question 26

what tonsils are involved in tonsillectomy

Answer 26

palatine tonsils

Question 27

the laryngopharynx extends from

Answer 27

superior border of epiglottis to esophagus

Question 28

what are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx

Answer 28

anteriorly- laryngeal inlet posteriorly- musculofascial wall and C4-C6 vertebrae lateral to the laryngeal inlet ( piriform recesses) inferiorly the laryngopharynx narrows (cricopharyngeal sphincter of esophagus)

Question 29

what are the muscles of the pharynx

Answer 29

pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles longitudinally oriented muscles

Question 30

what make up the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles

Answer 30

superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 31

whats the action of the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles

Answer 31

constrict pharynx and maintain its walls

Question 32

the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles have sphincter function where

Answer 32

at laryngopharyngeal and esophageal junction

Question 33

what make up the longitudinally oriented muscles

Answer 33

palatopharyngeal and stylopharyngeus muscles

Question 34

whats the action of the longitudinally oriented muscles

Answer 34

elevate pharynx and larynx

Question 35

whats the arterial supply of the pharynx

Answer 35

ascending pharyngeal artery superior and inferior thyroid arteries ascending and descending palatine arteries lingual artery

Question 36

whats the venous drainage of the pharynx

Answer 36

pharyngeal venous plexus

Question 37

whats the lymphatic drainage of the pharynx

Answer 37

tonsillar nodes (jugulodigastric nodes)

Question 38

whats the innervation of the pharynx

Answer 38

pharyngeal plexus from vagus nerve superior cervical sympathetic ganglion maxillary nerve glossopharyngeal nerve internal laryngeal nerve recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 39

whats swallowing/deglutition

Answer 39

the mechanical and physiological act of moving food/fluid from oral cavity to stomach

Question 40

describe the 1st stage of deglutition

Answer 40

its voluntary it follows mastication the mouth is closed and breathing is temporarily interrupted a bolus is formed by the contraction of the mylohyoid and styloglossus muscles and intrinsic muscles of tongue

Question 41

describe the 2nd stage of deglutition

Answer 41

its the passage of the bolus through the pharynx its involuntary sensory receptors are stimulated at the opening of the oropharynx theres pressure of the tongue against the hard palate which seals the nasopharynx from the oral cavity and causes the bolus into oropharynx the soft palate and uvula are elevated to close nasopharynx as bolus passes the hyoid bone and larynx are elevated the elevation of the larynx against epiglottis seals the glottis preventing bolus entry into the trachea there is also sequential contraction of constrictor muscles which move the bolus through pharynx to esophagus

Question 42

describe the 3rd stage of deglutition

Answer 42

there is entry of food through the esophagus its involuntary bolus is moved through esophagus by peristalsis

Question 43

what is transsphenoidal pituitary hypophysectomy

Answer 43

its a procedure were you gain access to pituitary adenoma through the nasopharynx

Question 44

infected adenoids may produce what

Answer 44

nasal obstruction