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MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK > Pharynx and Swallowing > Flashcards

Pharynx and Swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

were is the pharynx in relation to mouth

A

posterior

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2
Q

the mouth and pharynx are lined by what epithelium

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

what opening is between the oral cavity and pharynx

A

fauces

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4
Q

the pharynx is divided into what

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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5
Q

whats the function of the pharynx

A

deglutition/ swallowing

respiration

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6
Q

whats the superior boundary of the pharynx

A

body of sphenoid and occipital bones

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7
Q

whats the posterior boundary of the pharynx

A

buccopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia

pharyngeal constrictor muscles

C1-C6

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8
Q

whats the lateral boundary of the pharynx

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

medial pterygoid muscle

carotid sheath

thyroid gland

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9
Q

whats the anterior boundary of the pharynx

A

continuous with nasal and oral cavities

larynx

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10
Q

whats the inferior boundary of the pharynx

A

esophagus

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11
Q

where is the nasopharynx

A

posterior to nose and superior to soft palate

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12
Q

whats the function of the nasopharynx

A

respiratory function

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13
Q

the anterosuperior portion of the nasopharynx is innervated by

A

maxillary nerve

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14
Q

the nasopharynx which is distal to opening of auditory tube and rest of pharynx is innervated by

A

glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

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15
Q

whats the pharyngeal tonsil

A

lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membrane of posterior and superior nasopharynx

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16
Q

the enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil is referred as

A

adenoid

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17
Q

adenoid is common in who

adenoid can be caused by

what are symptoms of adenoid

whats the treatment for adenoid

A

children

ear or sinus infections

difficulty breathing and can produce a nasal obstruction

antibiotics

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18
Q

the pharyngotympanic tube is marked by what

A

torus tubarius

19
Q

whats the torus tubarius

A

its the circular terminal end of the auditory tubes cartilage

20
Q

what does the pharyngotympanic do

A

connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear

21
Q

what does the pharyngotympanic tube do when its open

A

it equilibrates pressure within the middle ear with that of the pharynx

22
Q

the pharyngotympanic tube is a potential path for what

A

spread of infection from pharynx to middle ear

23
Q

the cartilaginous portion of the pharyngotympanic tube is closed or open during what

A

swallowing/ yawning due to contraction of the tensor veli palatini muscle

24
Q

the oropharynx extends from

A

soft palate to top of epiglottis

25
Q

what are the boundaries pf the oropharynx

A

superiorly- by soft palate

inferiorly- by base of tongue

laterally- by palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

and the posterior wall is anterior to the prevertebral fascia, pharyngeal constrictor muscles, C2 and C3 vertebrae

26
Q

what tonsils are involved in tonsillectomy

A

palatine tonsils

27
Q

the laryngopharynx extends from

A

superior border of epiglottis to esophagus

28
Q

what are the boundaries of the laryngopharynx

A

anteriorly- laryngeal inlet

posteriorly- musculofascial wall and C4-C6 vertebrae

lateral to the laryngeal inlet ( piriform recesses)

inferiorly the laryngopharynx narrows (cricopharyngeal sphincter of esophagus)

29
Q

what are the muscles of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles

longitudinally oriented muscles

30
Q

what make up the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles

A

superior, middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

31
Q

whats the action of the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles

A

constrict pharynx and maintain its walls

32
Q

the pharyngeal constrictor circular muscles have sphincter function where

A

at laryngopharyngeal and esophageal junction

33
Q

what make up the longitudinally oriented muscles

A

palatopharyngeal and stylopharyngeus muscles

34
Q

whats the action of the longitudinally oriented muscles

A

elevate pharynx and larynx

35
Q

whats the arterial supply of the pharynx

A

ascending pharyngeal artery

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

ascending and descending palatine arteries

lingual artery

36
Q

whats the venous drainage of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal venous plexus

37
Q

whats the lymphatic drainage of the pharynx

A

tonsillar nodes (jugulodigastric nodes)

38
Q

whats the innervation of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal plexus from vagus nerve

superior cervical sympathetic ganglion

maxillary nerve

glossopharyngeal nerve

internal laryngeal nerve

recurrent laryngeal nerve

39
Q

whats swallowing/deglutition

A

the mechanical and physiological act of moving food/fluid from oral cavity to stomach

40
Q

describe the 1st stage of deglutition

A

its voluntary

it follows mastication

the mouth is closed and breathing is temporarily interrupted

a bolus is formed by the contraction of the mylohyoid and styloglossus muscles and intrinsic muscles of tongue

41
Q

describe the 2nd stage of deglutition

A

its the passage of the bolus through the pharynx

its involuntary

sensory receptors are stimulated at the opening of the oropharynx

theres pressure of the tongue against the hard palate which seals the nasopharynx from the oral cavity and causes the bolus into oropharynx

the soft palate and uvula are elevated to close nasopharynx as bolus passes

the hyoid bone and larynx are elevated

the elevation of the larynx against epiglottis seals the glottis preventing bolus entry into the trachea

there is also sequential contraction of constrictor muscles which move the bolus through pharynx to esophagus

42
Q

describe the 3rd stage of deglutition

A

there is entry of food through the esophagus

its involuntary

bolus is moved through esophagus by peristalsis

43
Q

what is transsphenoidal pituitary hypophysectomy

A

its a procedure were you gain access to pituitary adenoma through the nasopharynx

44
Q

infected adenoids may produce what

A

nasal obstruction

MBBS2/ANATOMY~HEAD & NECK (13 decks)

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