The Knee Joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee joint?
A hinge synovial joint
What movements can occur at the knee joint?
Flexion and extension
Small active and passive rotation
What are the articular surfaces of the knee joint?
Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
Tibia
Posterior surface of patella
Identify the structures labelled 1-5
1- Fibula
2- Lateral condyle of femur
3- Patella
4- Medial condyle of femur
5- Tibia
Which leg bone is not involved in the knee joint?
The fibula
Which is the most important muscle in stabilising the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris
Identify the ligaments of the knee labelled 1 and 2
1- Fibular or lateral collateral ligament
2- Tibial or medial collateral ligament
Where does the lateral collateral ligament run between?
Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula
Where does the tendon of the popliteus muscle pass?
Passes deep to the LCL and separates it from the lateral meniscus
Where does the medial collateral ligament run between?
Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and upper part of the medial surface of the tibia
Where is the medial collateral ligament attach to the medial meniscus?
At its midpoint
Identify the ligaments labelled 1 and 2
1- Anterior cruciate ligament
2- Posterior cruciate ligament
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the anterior displacement of the knee
Why is the anterior cruciate ligament prone to injury?
Due to its relatively poor blood supply
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia
What are the menisci?
C-shaped plates of fibrocartilage on the articular surface of the tibia
Identify the structures labelled 1 and 2
1- Medial meniscus
2- Lateral meniscus
Which meniscus is firmly adhered to the deep surface of the medial collateral ligament?
The medial meniscus
What are the main functions of the menisci
Deepens the articular surface and increases joint stability Act as shock absorbers
Which muscles cause extension of the knee?
Quadriceps femoris
Which muscles cause flexion of the knee?
Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sartorius
Popliteus
Identify the structures labelled 1-5
1- Synovial membrane
2- Suprapatellar bursa
3- Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
4- Deep infrapatellar bursa
5- Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
Which bursa communicates with the articular cavity of the knee joint?
The suprapatellar bursa
