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Musculoskeletal System Anatomy > Shoulder Joint. Rotator Cuff Muscles and Shoulder Joint Muscles > Flashcards

Shoulder Joint. Rotator Cuff Muscles and Shoulder Joint Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

What are the articular surfaces in the shoulder joint?

A

Head of the humerus

Glenoid cavity of scapula

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3
Q

What surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenoid/acetabular labrum

Rim of cartilage

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4
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

Increase depth of shoulder joint

Add stability to shoulder joint

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5
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-5

SHOULDER LIGAMENTS

A

1- Coracohumeral ligament

2- Joint capsule

3- Coraco-acromial ligament

4- Glenohumeral ligaments

5- Transverse humeral ligament

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6
Q

What is the function of the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Strengthen the anterior aspect of the joint capsule

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7
Q

What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?

A

Strengthens the superior aspect of the joint capsule

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8
Q

What structures make up the coraco-acromial arch?

A

Acromion

Coracoid process of scapula

Coraco-acromial ligamenyt

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9
Q

What is the weakest part of the shoulder joint capsule and why?

A

The inferior part of the capsule

It is not protected by muscles or ligaments

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10
Q

What is the main function of bursae?

A

Provide cushioning around joints via their fluid filled interior

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11
Q

Which bursa communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?

A

The subscapular bursa

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12
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-3

A

1- Subacromial bursa

2- Glenoid/acetbular labrum

3- Inferior pouch of glenohumeral joint capsule

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13
Q

What is the role of the subacromial bursa?

A

Allows movement of the supraspinatous tendon and deltoid

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14
Q

What common sporting injury damages the subacromial bursa?

A

Shoulder dislocation

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15
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-4

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

A

1- Subscapularis

2- Supraspinatus

3- Infraspinatus

4- Teres minor

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16
Q

What are the actions of the rotator cuff muscles on the glenohumeral joint?

A

Abduction

Adduction

Medial rotation

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17
Q

What is the most important function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

To hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

18
Q

What are the attachments of the deltoid muslce?

A

Lateral spine of scapula

Lateral third of clavicle

19
Q

What are the actions of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

Medially rotates and flexes at the shoulder joint

20
Q

What are the actions of the middle fibres of the deltoid?

A

Abducts at the shoulder joint

21
Q

What are the actions of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?

A

Extends and laterally rotates at the shoulder joint

22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the deltoid?

A

Axillary nerve

C5 + C6

23
Q

In what common injury is the axillary nerve often trapped and damaged?

A

Shoulder dislocation

24
Q

In which dermatomes would you check for damage of the axillary nerve?

A

C5 and C6

25
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

A

Medial third of the clavicle

Sternum

Ribs

26
Q

What action does pectoralis major have on the shoulder joint?

A

Adduct and medially rotate the humerus

27
Q

Where is the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Triangular space below the clavicle and between the deltoid and pectoralis major

28
Q

What vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?

A

Cephalic vein

29
Q

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

A

Stabilise scapula during limb movements and keep it pulled against thoracic cage (MAIN FUNCTIONS)

Protraction of scapulae

30
Q

What is the nerve supply of serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

C5-7

31
Q

What clinical sign is seen when the long thoracic nerve is injured?

A

Scapular winging

32
Q

What is the function of the superior, middle and inferior fibres of the trapezius?

A

Supeior fibres- elevates the scapula

Middle fibres- retracts the scapula

Inferior fibres- depresses the scapula

33
Q

What is the innervation of the trapeius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve CNXI

34
Q

What actions do teres major have on the shoulder joint?

A

Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder

35
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?

A

Extends, adducts and medially rotates the shoulder

36
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause flexion of the shoulder joint?

A

Anterior part of deltoid

37
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause extension of the shoulder joint?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Posterior part of deltoid

38
Q

Which shoulder joint muscles cause adduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Latissimus dorsi

Teres major

Subscapularis

39
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause abduction of the shoulder joint?

A

Middle part of deltoid

Supraspinatus

40
Q

What shoulder joint muscles casue medial/internal rotation of the shoulder joint?

A

Subscapularis

Latissimus dorsi

Pectoralis major

Teres major

Anterior part of deltoid

41
Q

What shoulder joint muscles cause lateral/external rotation of the shoulder joint?

A

Teres minor

Infraspinatus

Posterior part of deltoid

Musculoskeletal System Anatomy (35 decks)

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