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Musculoskeletal System Anatomy > The Hip Joint, Anterior Thigh and Neurovascular Structures > Flashcards

The Hip Joint, Anterior Thigh and Neurovascular Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket

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2
Q

Why is the hip joint more stable than the shoulder?

A

Deeper socket

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3
Q

What is the acetabular labrum and what does it cover?

A

Fibrocartilaginous membrane

Covers lunate surface of acetabulum

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4
Q

What are the three main ligaments of the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Ischiofemoral ligament

Pubofemoral ligament

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5
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

To prevent hyperextension of the hip joint

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6
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

To prevent hyperabduction of the hip joint

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7
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-3

A

1- Iliofemoral ligament

2- Pubofemoral ligament

3- Ischiofemoral ligament

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8
Q

What movements are permitted at the hip joint?

A

Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction External (lateral)/internal (medial) rotation Circumdiction

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9
Q

What are the flexors of the hip?

A

Iliopsoas

Rectus femoris

Sartorius

Pectineus

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10
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-3 FLEXORS OF HIP

A

1- Iliacus 2- Psoas major 3- Pectinus

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11
Q

What are the attachments of iliacus and psoas major?

A

Iliacus arises from the inner pelvic wall Psoas major arises from the posterior abdominal wall Two muscles join to form iliopsoas muscle and share a common tendinous attachment on the femur

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12
Q

What muscle is the chief flexor of the thigh?

A

Sartorius

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13
Q

Which muscle is the main extensor of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

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14
Q

When is gluteus maximus most active in hip extension?

A

When standing from sitting and climbing stairs Relatively inactive during normal walking

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15
Q

What are the extensors of the hip?

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings- semimembranous, semitendinous, biceps femoris

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16
Q

What are the adductor muscles of the hip?

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

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17
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-4 ADDUCTORS OF THIGH 1

A

1- Obturator externus

2- Adductor brevis

3- Adductor longus

4- Adductor magnus

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18
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-6

A

1- Femoral nerve 2- Femoral artery 3- Adductor longus 4- Adductor brevis 5- Obturator nerve 6- Gracilis

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19
Q

Which nerve supplies the adductor compartment of the thigh?

A

The obturator nerve

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20
Q

Where does the obturator nerve exit the pelvis?

A

Via the obturator canal

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21
Q

Which muscles carry out the abductor function of the hip and how?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis and tensor fascia latae

Role carried out via attachment to greater trochanter of femur

22
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-5 ABDUCTORS OF HIP

A

1- Gluteus medius 2- Piriformis 3- Obturator internus 4- Quadratus femoris 5- Gluteus minimus

23
Q

How do the abductors of the hip act in a normal gait?

A

When one limb is raised, that side of the pelvis becomes unsupported and will drop Abductors on the opposite side of the pelvis contract to prevent this

24
Q

What is the result of injury to the nerve supply of the adbuctors?

A

Trendelenberg gait

25
Q

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Biceps femoris

Gluteus maximus

Piriformis

Obturators

Gemilli

Quadratus femoris

26
Q

Where do the lateral rotators of the hip lie?

A

They cross the joint on the posterior side

27
Q

Where do the medial rotators of the hip lie?

A

They cross the joint on the anterior surface

28
Q

Which muscles are the medial rotators of the hip?

A

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fascia latae

29
Q

What compartments are the muscles of the thigh organised into?

A

Anterior/quadriceps/extensors of knee Medial/adductors of hip Posterior/hamstrings/flexors of knee

30
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-7 ANTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES

A

1- Psoas major 2- Iliacus 3- Rectus femoris 4- Vastus medialis 5- Vastus lateralis 6- Sartorius 7- Pectineus

31
Q

What are the four heads of quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

32
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

The femoral nerve

33
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip joint?

A

Stabilises hip and helps iliopsoas flex hip

34
Q

Where do the four heads of the quadriceps unite?

A

The four heads of the quadriceps unite to form the quadriceps tendon proximal to the patella, continuing as the patellar ligament distal to the patella to its attachment on the tibia

35
Q

To which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

A

The tuberosity

36
Q

What is the most superficial muscle in the anterior thigh?

A

Sartorius

37
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius muscle?

A

Flex, abduct and laterally rotate the hip Flex the leg at the knee

38
Q

How can the sartorius muscle flex both the hip and knee?

A

This is possible as it spirals around the thigh from lateral to medial, crossing the hip joint anteriorly and the knee joint posteriorly

39
Q

What are the medial thigh muscles?

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

40
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

A

The obturator nerve

41
Q

How does the obturator nerve enter the thigh?

A

Through the obturator foramen

42
Q

Which structures pass through the adductor hiatus?

A

The femoral artery and vein

43
Q

Of which artery is the femoral artery a continuation?

A

The external iliac artery

44
Q

Where does the femoral artery originate?

A

Changes from the external iliac artery as it passes under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral canal

45
Q

Where does the femoral artery enter the thigh?

A

Midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle

46
Q

Where does the popliteal branch?

A

Branches off the femoral artery and passes posteriorly towards the hamstrings

47
Q

Of which vein is the femoral vein a continuation?

A

The popliteal vein

48
Q

What does the femoral vein continue as?

A

Passes under the inguinal ligament to continue as the external iliac vein

49
Q

Which veins drain into the external iliac vein and where?

A

Profunda femoris and femoral veins in the femoral triangle

50
Q

What procedure involves cannulation of the femoral vein?

A

Right cardiac angiography

51
Q

What is the course of the femoral nerve in the thigh?

A

Largest branch of lumbar plexus

Passes deep to inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle lateral to the femoral vessels

52
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Sartorius

Pectineus

Iliacus

Quadriceps femoris

Musculoskeletal System Anatomy (35 decks)

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