Axilla and Neurovascular Input to the Upper Limb

Question 1

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 1

Pectoralis major

Pectoralis minor

Question 2

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 2

Subscapularis

Question 3

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 3

Serratus anterior

Thoracic wall

Question 4

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 4

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 5

What forms the apex of the axilla?

Answer 5

Lateral border of first rib

Superior border of scapula

Posterior border of clavicle

Question 6

Identify the labelled structures

Answer 6

Red- teres minor

Green- teres major

Yellow- long head of triceps brachii

Blue quadrangular space

Question 7

Identify the labelled borders of the axilla

Answer 7

Red- anterior border

Green- medial border

Yellow- posterior border

Blue- lateral border

Question 8

What artery is the axillary artery a continuation of?

Answer 8

Subclavian artery

Question 9

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

Answer 9

Lateral border of first rib

Question 10

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 10

Inferior border of teres major

Question 11

What is the brachial plexus formed of?

Answer 11

The ventral rami of C5-T1

Question 12

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 12

C5 + C6

Question 13

Where is Erb’s point?

Answer 13

Nerve point of neck

Question 14

What trunk is affected in Erb’s palsy?

Answer 14

Upper trunk

Question 15

What roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

Answer 15

C8 + T1

Question 16

What is the effect of injury to the lower trunk?

Answer 16

Klumpke’s palsy

Question 17

Identify the cords of the brachial plexus labelled

Answer 17

Top- Lateral cord

Middle- Posterior cord

Bottom- Medial cord

Question 18

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 18

Lateral pectoral nerve

Lateral root of median nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 19

What are the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 19

Medial pectoral nerve

Ulnar nerve

Medial root of median nerve

Medial cutaneous nerve of arm

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Question 20

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 20

Thoracodorsal nerve

Axillary nerve

Radial nerve

Susbscapular nerve

Question 21

Where does the basilic vein originate?

Answer 21

The medial aspect of the dorsal venous network of the hand

Question 22

What are the major arteries of the upper limb, from proximal to distal?

Answer 22

Subclavian artery

Axillary artery

Brachial artery

Radial artery

Ulnar artery

Question 23

Where does the cephalic vein originate?

Answer 23

The lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network of the hand

Question 24

What is the function of the median cubital vein?

Answer 24

To shunt blood from the cephalic vein to the basilic vein

Question 25

Identify the vessels labelled 1-3

Answer 25

1- Cephalic vein 2- Median cubital vein 3- Basilic vein

Question 26

What forms the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 26

Anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks

Question 27

What forms the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 27

The posterior divisions of the superior, middle and inferior trunks

Question 28

What forms the medial cord of the brachial plexus?

Answer 28

The anterior division of the inferior trunk