Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A

Support body weight

Important role in locomotion

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2
Q

Identify the structures labelled 1-9

A

1- Talus

2- Navicular

3- Cuneiforms

4- Distal phalanx

5- Middle phalanx

6- Proximal phalanx

7- Metatarsals

8- Cuboid

9- Calcaneus

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3
Q

What is the aponeurosis on the sole of the foot called?

A

Plantar fascia

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4
Q

Where does eversion and inversion of the foot occur?

A

At the subtalar joints

Ball and socket between talus and navicular

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5
Q

How are the muscles of the foot arranged?

A

Into four layers

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6
Q

Identify the muscles of the first layer of the foot labelled 1-3

A

1- Abductor digiti minimi

2- Abductor hallicus

3- Flexor digitorum brevis

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7
Q

Identify the muscles of the second layer of the foot labelled 1-4

A

1- Quadratus plantae

2- Flexor hallicus longus tendon

3- Medial plantar nerve

4- Lateral plantar nerve and artery

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8
Q

What are the functions of the muscles of the first two layers of the foot?

A

Flexion of toes, essential for gait

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9
Q

Which nerves innervate the intrinsic muscles of the foot?

A

Medial plantar nerve

Lateral plantar nerve

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10
Q

Of which nerve are the plantar nerves a branch?

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

Which arteries supply the foot region?

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

Medial plantar artery

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12
Q

What artery are the dorsalis pedis and medial plantar arteries branches of?

A

The posterior tibial artery

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13
Q

What muscles make up the third layer of the foot?

A

The dorsal and plantar interossei

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14
Q

What are the functions of the dorsal and plantar interossei of the foot?

A

Plantar interossei adduct (PAD) the toes Dorsal interossei abduct (DAB) the toes

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15
Q

How do the interossei of the foot vary from the hand?

A

Axis of foot runs through second digit and so has two abductors and no adductors

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16
Q

What is the function of the arches of the feet?

A

Distribute body weight

Act as shock absorbers

17
Q

What are the passive factors that maintain the arches of the feet?

A

Shape of united bones

Plantar fascia

Long plantar ligament

Short plantar ligament

18
Q

What are the dynamic factors that maintain the arches of the feet?

A

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

Long flexor tendons

Tendon of tibialis anterior

Fibularis longus