The Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the Integumentary System?
Skin
What are the three layers of skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous Tissue
Thick Skin
-regularly exposed to harsher conditions
-no hair follicles
-no sebaceous glands
Thin Skin
-all areas besides palms and feet
-hair follicles
-contains sebaceous glands
What is Hyperthermia?
Elevated temperature with an elevated set point, where the body can’t maintain a negative feedback loop causing an imbalance of homeostasis
What are the 5 functions of skin?
- Regulation of Body Temperature
- Protection
- Sensation
- Excretion
- Vitamin D Production
Outer Part of the Skin?
-dead cells that shed constantly corneocytes
-has keratin that helps waterproof and protect deeper layers
Inner Part of the Skin?
-living cells that constantly divide
-attached to dermis
dead skin cells
corneocytes
Pigmented Cells
melanocytes
Protect from foreign pathogens
Langerhans Cells
Water Barrier Cells
Keratinocytes
Sensory Cells
Merkel Cells
Forms barrier between epidermis and dermis
Basal Cells
Second layer of skin
Dermis
Dermis is part of the skin that allows for stretching during . . .
injury, weight gain, pregnancy
Top part of the dermis forms ridges called __________ which produce projections that are either __________, ___________, or _______________
fingerprints; looped, arched, or whorled
Purpose of Fingerprints
-help increase friction and enhance gripping of fingers and feet
-determined genetically
-everyone has a different pattern
-fingerprints are left behind from a film of sweat on fingers
Sudoriferous (sweat glands)
-produce perspiration
-main function is to help regulate body temperature and to eliminate waste
Sebaceous (oil glands)
secretes sebum, an oily substance that keeps hair from drying out and prevents excessive evaporation of water from the skin
-keeps skin soft
-Inhibits growth of bacteria
-production increase at puberty
the connective tissue layer that surrounds the root
Hair follicle
superficial portion that projects above the surface of skin
Hair shaft
The portion of the hair that is below the surface
Hair Root
the base of the hair shaft
Hair Bulb
A muscle that attacks the hair follicle and makes goosebumps
Arrector Pili
Corpuscles
Nerve Endings
Free Nerve Endings
Pain, heat, cold
Merkel Disks
touch
Meissner Corpuscles
light touch
Hypodermis
-3rd layer of skin
-aka subcutaneous (sub Q)
-made of adipose tissue
-thicker in women
-long-term energy supply, reservoir
-Insulates
Fingernails and toenails are made up of . . .
tightly packed, hard, keratinized cells of the epidermis
Skin accessories . . .
nails and hair
Purpose of nails
-aid in grasping and manipulation of objects
-protects the end of the fingers/toes
-helps scratch parts of the body