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PMP101 > The Integumentary System > Flashcards

The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integument?

A

-The outer layer covering the body including the skin, glands, hair and nails

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2
Q

What are the functions of the integument?

A

-Protection, sensation, vitamin D, production, temperature regulation and excretion

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3
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

-Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

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4
Q

What is the function of the epidermis?

A

-Prevents water loss and abrasion damage

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5
Q

What is the function of dermis?

A

-Structural strength from connective tissues

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6
Q

What are the layers of the dermis?

A

-Papillary layer and reticular layer

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7
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

-Hair follicles, oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, and blood and lymphatic vessels

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8
Q

What are the features of the papillary layer in the dermis?

A

-made up of fine collagenous and elastic fibres, contain blood vessels, have dermal papillae to increase the strength of the bond to the dermis

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9
Q

What are the features of the reticular layer?

A

-Denser, has more collagenous and elastic fibres

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10
Q

How does the dermal layer heal?

A

-Fibroblasts proliferate

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11
Q

What are the features of collagen fibres?

A

-Generally have some predominant direction and if it is made parallel to this, the scar will be less prominent

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12
Q

What are the layers of epidermis ?

A

-Stratum basale, stratum spinous, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corner

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13
Q

What is keratinisation?

A

-Epithelial cells have more and more keratin to help with waterproofing as they migrate upwards towards the surface

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14
Q

What are basol cells?

A

-Precursors of keratinocytes

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15
Q

What are keratinocytes ?

A

-Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins. Make up 90% of cells in skin

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16
Q

What are melanocytes ?

A

-Produce pigment (melanin) and filter ultraviolet light

17
Q

What are Langerhans cells?

A

-Specialised dendritic cells found in the skin-part of the immune system

18
Q

What are Merkel cells?

A

-Touch receptors in the epidermis

19
Q

What is the stratum germinativum?

A

-The growth layer at the bottom of the spidermis that is made up of the stratum basal and stratum spinosum

20
Q

What are the features of the stratum basal?

A

-Contain basal cells that undergo mitosis

21
Q

What are the features of the stratum spinosum?

A

-Contain keratinocytes to hold cells together, begins to generate keratin and lipids, contains langerhans cells

22
Q

What types of layers make up the strata?

A

-Stratum granulosum, stratum lucidity, stratum corneum

23
Q

What are the features of the stratum granulosum?

A

-Hold lots of deposits of keratin-granules so grainy

24
Q

What are the features of the stratum lucidium?

A

-Clear layer where cells die as they are so full of keratin

25
Q

What are the features of the stratum corneum?

A

-Top layer on the skin of dead skin cells filled with keratin that are constantly shed

26
Q

How does the stratum corneum relate to drug delivery?

A

-Lipid soluble substances will diffuse through lipid layers

27
Q

What types of sweat glands are found in the epidermis?

A

-Ecrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands?

28
Q

What are the features of eccrine sweat glands?

A

-most common, found all over the body, secrete perspiration, eliminates waste and cools body

29
Q

What are the features of apocrine sweat glands?

A

-Open into hair follicles and have limited distribution-mainly found in arm pits and genitalia

30
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

-oil glands that open to a hair follicle to secrete sebum and give an anti fungal property

31
Q

Why is gland secretion and shed skin important?

A

-Creates a surface film protective layer that has antibacterial, lubrication and hyperactive properties. Also a buffer of irritants and blocks toxins

32
Q

What does skin colour depend on?

A

-Pigments (melanin and beta carotene), blood (Hg) and thickness of stratum, corneum

33
Q

What is melanin?

A

-Group of pigments that protect from UV

34
Q

How can skin pigmentation be used in diagnosis?

A

-Skin reactions can be determined by pigmentation response

PMP101 (23 decks)

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