Human Body Systems Flashcards
What are the levels of organisation and the related fields of study? diagram
What does the Circulatory/Cardiovascular system include?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
What does the digestive system include?
Stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas
What does the Endocrine system include?
Thyroid glad, adrenal gland
What does the immune system include?
Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes
What does the integumentary system include ?
Skin
What does the musculoskeletal system include?
Skeletal muscles, bones
What does the nervous system include?
Brain, Spinal cord
What does the Reproductive System include?
Ovaries, Uterus, Testes
Integration between Body Systems ? diagram
What are tissues?
What are the main types of tissues?
- Connective Tissue
-Epithelial Tissue
-Muscle Tissue
-Neural Tissue
What is Connective Tissue ?
-Binds cell and organs
-Protects support and integration
What is Epithelial Tissue?
-It covers the exterior, lines internal cavities and some glands
What is Muscle Tissue?
-Excitable, contracts
-Skeletal (voluntary),smooth, cardiac
What is Neural Tissue?
-Excitable
-Allows propagation of nerve impulses that communicate between different parts of the body
What is the Extarcellular Matrix (Matrix) ?
-Material synthesised and secreted by the cells of a tissue
-Proteogylcans (glycoproteins) and insoluble protein fibre (collagen, fibronectin, laminin)
-Very abundant in connective tissue
-Also other functions
What are Cell Junctions? Diagram
-They hold cells together
-Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) membrane-spanning proteins.
-Cell junctions/transient cell adhesions
-CAMs eg connexin, claudin, occluding, cadherin
What are gap junctions ?
-These are communicating junctions
What are tight junctions?
-These are occluding junctions
What is a desmosome ?
-A cell-to-cell anchoring junction
What is the function of Epithelia on tissue?
-To protect and regulate exchange
- Base : thin layer of matrix ( basal lamina/membrane)
- Exchange
-simple, thin, flattened cells, gaps/pores
-eg rapid gas exchange
-Blood vessels (also called endothelium)/ lung
- Transporting
-actively regulate aqueous molecules
- Ciliated
- Protective
- Secretory