Divisions and Function of the Nervous System Flashcards
What is the nervous system? DIAGRAM
What are the two Nervous systems?
Central and Peripheral
What is the Central Nervous System ?
- Brain and spinal cord
What is the Peripheral Nervous System?
-Sensory neurons (messages from periphery to spinal cord nerves (messages from spinal cord to muscles/glands)
What is the nervous system divided into?
-SOMATIC
-AUTONOMIC
What are the building blocks of the Nervous System
- Neurons
-Oligodrebdrocytes (CNS)/ Schwann cells (PNS)
-Astrocytes
What are Neurons?
–Many have a lipid sheath called myelin
-Highly specialised cells
-Responsible for communication (action
potential/neurotransmission)
What is Oligodrendrocytes (CNS)/Schwannn cells (PNS)?
-Produce myelin, facilitate transmission
What are Astrocytes ? digram
-Enable homeostasis, physical
Glial cells support neurones (diagram)
What are the 3 functional types of neurons?
What are afferent or sensory neurones ?
-(sense)-signals from the periphery to CNS
What are motor neurons?
What are autonomic neurons?
What are interneurons ?
What are the 3 main function types of neurons ?
1) Peripheral nervous system - afferent or efferent neurones
2)Central nervous system -Inteneurons
3) morphological types-Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar
What are morphological types of Neurons?
-Unipolar
-Bipolar
-Multipolar
What are unipolar neurons?
What ate bipolar neurons?
What are multipolar neurons?
What is a nerve?
What do neurons from ?
-They form networks in order to communicate
What is the site called where one neuron meets another?
-At the Synapse
What is the synapse?
How do neurons form networks to communicate?
- Where one neuron meets another - synapse
- Electrical action potential triggers release of chemical signal (neurotransmitter)
- Neurotransmitters from the presynapse bind to postsynaptic receptors, triggering depolarisation of the postsynaptic neurone
What are neurotransmitters?
What is the Synapse ? diagram
- Very complex structure- maintains synaptic shape and function
What is a receptor?
What are the receptor types? diagram
What does an inhibitory synapse involve?
What does an excitatory synapse involve ? diagrams
What is Synaptic Transmission?
- Synaptic structures are complex
- Multiple synapses onto the same dendrite, can be excitatory or inhibitory
- Whether the neurone fires or not is a sum of all the synaptic inputs
What are inhibitory synapses? diagram
What are Excitatory synapses? diagram
What is the integration of multiple steps?
What are the types of neurotransmitters ?
-Excitatory neurotransmitters
-Inhibitory neurotransmitters
-Neuropeptides
What are examples of Excitatory neurotransmitters ?
Glutamate
-Monoamines
-Acetylcholine (mostly)
What are examples of Inhibitory neurotransmitters?
-GABA
-Glycine
-Endorphins
What are examples of Neuromodulators ?
-Neuropeptides
-Endocannabinoids
What direction does Action Potential travel through the nerve cell? DIAGRAM
The Brain and its protection- What is the Cranium ?
-This is a layer of protection of which protects the brain and the spinal cord
The Brain and its protection- What is the Meninges of the brain?
-are the membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord