Cellular Energetics- easier Flashcards

1
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

-The breakdown of (oxidation) of sugars and other metabolites into CO2 and water

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2
Q

What are the 4 phases of cellular respiration?

A

-Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

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3
Q

What are the main facts about glycolysis ?

A

-Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
-occurs in cytoplasm
-Doesnt use oxygen

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4
Q

What are the main facts about the Krebs cycle?

A

-Oxidises acetyl group of acetyl CoA in CO2 with CoA release
-Occurs in matrix of mitochondria
-Requires oxygen

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5
Q

What are the main facts about oxidative phosphorylation?

A

-Consists of electron transport chain and chemiomosis
-Occurs in matrix and inner membrane of mitochondria
-Requires oxygen

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6
Q

What happens in glycolysis?

A

-glucose is broken down through energy investment and payoff into 2 pyruvate molecules

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7
Q

What does energy investment mean in glycolysis?

A

-2 ATP molecules required for reactopm to occur

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8
Q

What does energy payoff mean in glycolysis?

A

-4 ATP and 2 NADH produced from reaction

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9
Q

What is the net result of glycolysis ?

A

-2 ATP, 2 NADH and 2 Pyruvate

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10
Q

What will happen to pyruvate when no oxygen is present?

A

-Fermentation will occur

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11
Q

What happens to lactic fermentation ?

A

-Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid in muscle cells which can build up to cause cramps

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12
Q

What is the reverse to glycolysis?

A

-Gluconegenesis

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13
Q

How is pyruvate oxidised to acetyl CoA?

A

-Converted to 2 carbon acetyl groups by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in matrix

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14
Q

What reaction can produce the acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle?

A

-Amino acid metabolism, beta oxidation, pyruvate oxidation

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15
Q

What are the two stages of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

-Electron transport chain
-Chemiosmosis

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16
Q

What happens in the electron transport chain?

A

-NADH and FADH transfer their electrons to electron transport chain
-4 protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane act as electron carriers to make up the chain
-Electrons drop in energy as they move throughout the chain and finally are passed to O2 which combines with protons to form water