the immune system

Question 1

defence against pathogens can be split into two categories:

Answer 1

physical and chemical barriers
immune system

Question 2

what do physical and chemical barriers do?

Answer 2

stop pathogens from getting into the body

Question 3

what does the immune system do?

Answer 3

destroys any pathogens that are within the body

Question 4

what are the examples of physical and chemical barriers?

Answer 4

skin
mucus in nose and trachea
cilia in trachea

Question 5

how does skin protect the body from pathogens?

Answer 5

acts as a physical barrier to any pathogens

Question 6

how does mucus in the nose protect the body from pathogens?

Answer 6

mucus traps the pathogens and little hairs remove them from the nose

Question 7

how does mucus in the trachea protect the body from pathogens?

Answer 7

traps pathogens and cilia pushes them up to the oesophagus where they can be swallowed and killed by stomach acid

Question 8

what is the key component of the immune system?

Answer 8

white blood cells

Question 9

what are the 3 defences of white blood cells?

Answer 9

phagocytosis
antitoxins
antibodies

Question 10

describe the process of phagocytosis

Answer 10

white blood cells track and bind to pathogens, before engulfing and destroying them

Question 11

describe how antitoxins protect the body from pathogens

Answer 11

antitioxins are released by white blood cells and neutralise toxins released by pathogens

Question 12

what are antibodies and how do they protect the body from pathogens?

Answer 12

small proteins which bind to antigens and gice a signal to tell white blood cells where pathogens are for phagocytosis

Question 13

how do antibodies protect the body from future infection of the same pathogen?

Answer 13

antibodies are specific to certain antigens, meaning they can produce memory cells, which remember the specific antigens and produce loads of antibodies if it returns again