fungi, protists, bacteria and viruses Flashcards
what are fungi?
eukaryotic cells which can be unicellular and multicellular?
how are fungal diseases spread?
fungi produce hyphae which can borrow into skin and grow onto other plants
fungi also produce spores which can spread easily and grow new fungi
what is an example of a fungal infection?
rose black spot
how does rose black spot make the plant ill?
turns leaves yellow which prevents photosynthesis and means the plant cannot grow
how is rose black spot transmitted?
spreads in water or by wind
what is the treatment of rose black spot?
chop off and destroy infected leaves
spray with fungicide
what are protists
unicellular organisms which are often parasites
what are parasites?
organisms which live on or inside other organisms
how are protists transmitted?
by vectors which spread the disease but don’t get it
what is an example of a protist parasite?
malaria
what is malaria?
a parasite which needs a host to survive
what are the relevance of mosquitos, regarding malaria?
they act as a the vector, spreading malaria but not getting the disease
what are the symptoms of malaria?
recurring symptoms of fever, death in extreme cases
what is the treatment of malaria?
release infertile mosquitoes
spray insecticides
what are viruses?
they are neither cells or living; they require other organisms to replicate
how do viruses utilise other organisms to replicate?
they penetrate the cells of other organisms to grow and then burst and destroy the cell when the time is right
what do viruses do that make us ill?
the destruction of cells make us feel ill
what is the example of a virus which is spread by droplets?
measles
how is measles spread?
spread in droplets when infected people cough or sneeze
what are the symptoms of measles?
rashes and fever, can be fatal in extreme cases
what is the main treatment of measles?
many are vaccinated at a young age
what is the virus spread by sexual contact?
HIV
how is HIV spread?
sexual contact or the exchange of bodily fludis
what is the danger of HIV?
it attackes white blood cells
what are the symptoms of HIV?
initilay flu-like symptoms
virus attacks white blood cells, weakening the immune system and making patients vulnerable to small infections like the common cold or even cancers
what is AIDS?
the state where the immune system is so weak it is ineffective
what is the treatment of HIV?
antiretroviral drugs prevent early duplications of HIV
what is the virus which affects plants?
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
which plants does TMV commonly occur in?
tomatoes and tobaco
how does TMV make plants ill?
creates dark patches where photosynthesis can’t occur, preventing the growth of the plant
how can bacterias make us ill?
bacterias can produce toxins which damage cells and tissues: it is the damaging of cells which makes us ill
why are bacterial diseases dangerous in humans?
beacause bacterial cells can reproduce rapidly in the body due to the high food supply
what is the bacterial disease related to food poisoning?
salmonella
how is salmonella most commonly caught?
when infected chicken is eaten
what are the symptons of salmonella and why do they occur?
stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea: occurs because the intestines are affected and the digestion of food is irregular
what is the bacterial disease related to STDs
gonnorhoea
how is gonnorhoea spread?
sexual contact
what are the symptoms of gonnorhoea?
pain when urinating, thick green discharge from sexual organs
how can gonnorhoea be prevented?
using barrier protection during sex like condoms
how can gonnorhoea be treated?
with antibiotics
what is the risk of using antibiotics to treat gonnorhea?
bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics like penicilin
