The Human Defence System (Chapter 38) Flashcards
Immunity
Immunity is the ability to resist infection.
Pathogen
A pathogen is an organism that causes disease.
General defence system
The general defence system acts as a barrier to all pathogens attempting to gain entry to the human body.
Specific defence system
The specific defence system attacks particular pathogens
Antigen
An antigen is a foreign molecule that stimulates the production of antibodies
Antibody
An antibody is a protein produced by white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in response to an antigen.
Induced immunity
Induced immunity is the ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies
Active immunity
Active immunity involves the production of a person’s own antibodies in response to antigens that enter a body
Natural active immunity
Natural active immunity occurs when a pathogen enters the body in the normal way
Artificial active immunity
Artificial active immunity occurs when a pathogen is medically introduced into the body.
Vaccine
A vaccine is a non toxic disease-causing dose of a pathogen (or its toxin) which triggers the production of antibodies
Passive immunity
Passive immunity occurs when individuals are given antibodies that were formed by another organism
Natural passive immunity
Natural passive immunity occurs when a child gets antibodies from its mother
Artificial passive immunity
Artificial passive immunity occurs when a person is given an injection containing antibodies made by another organism.
Where are B-lymphocytes matured?
Bone marrow
Where are T-lymphocytes matured?
Thymus gland
What is the function of Monocytes?
Monocytes destroy pathogens and display antigens on their membranes.
What do monocytes develop into?
Macrophages
What are the functions of lymphocytes?
They attack body cells displaying antigens and the produce antibodies.
What are the organs of the immune system?
Spleen, Thymus and lymph nodes
Which Lymphocytes do not produce Antibodies?
T-lymphocytes or T-cells
