Enzymes (Chapter 9) Flashcards
Metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions within an organism.
Catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without itself being used up in the reaction
Enzymes
Enzymes are catalysts made of protein that speed up a reaction without being used up in the reaction.
What word describes the shape of an enzyme?
folded
Substrate
The substrate is the substance with which an enzyme reacts.
Product
The product is the substance(s) the enzyme forms.
Enzymes are made of _____
protein
Enzymes work because they have the correct _____ to fit the substrate
shape
Enzyme reactions are _______
reversible.
Enzymes are named by adding the ending ___ to the name of their substrate
ase
Example of a catabolic enzyme
Amylase is an enzyme that converts starch (amylose) into maltose
Example of an anabolic enzyme
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that forms and repairs DNA.
DNA ligase is also an anabolic enzyme. It is used in genetic engineering to join two pieces of DNA together.
Denatured enzyme
A denatured enzyme has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function.
Factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature: optimum in humans (37 degrees)
optimum in plants (20-30 degrees)
pH: optimum for most enzymes in pH 7
optimum for pepsin (enzyme in the stomach) pH 2
Bioprocessing
Bioprocessing is the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product
