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Neuroanatomy > The Human Brain and Nervous Systems : Cells > Flashcards

The Human Brain and Nervous Systems : Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 cells make up the Nervous System?

A
  1. Neurons

2. Glial

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2
Q

What are Neurons?

How many?

A

basic element in the nervous system

80-100 billlion in CNS and PNS

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3
Q

What are the Glial Cells?

A

Support for the Neurons

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4
Q

What Is the main role of the Glial Cell ?

A

Produce Myelin

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5
Q

What Is the 7 main role of the Glial Cell ?

A
  1. Support
  2. Produce Myelin
  3. Remove Debris
  4. Housekeeping
  5. neuron placement
  6. help form the blood brain barrier
  7. nourish the neurons
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6
Q

What are the most important 5 Glial cells in the CNS?

A
  1. Astrocytes
  2. Oligodendrocytes
  3. microglia
  4. Schwann
  5. satellite cells
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7
Q

what is Astrocytes ?

A

nourishes the Neurons
protects against injury
tigers Synapse
CNS

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8
Q

what is the Oligodendrocytes ?

A

Producing Myelin in CNS

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9
Q

what is microglia?

A

Acting like an immune system

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10
Q

what is Schwann ?

A

Producing Myelin in PNS

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11
Q

what is satellite cells ?

A

nourishes the Neurons
protects against injury
tigers Synapse
in PNS

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12
Q

what is Myline Made of ?

A

70 - lipid

30 - protein

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13
Q

what are Nodes of Ranvier ?

A

when there is no myelin on the axon

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14
Q

what does Nodes of Ranvier do?

A

Gives the Neuron the ability and speed to transmit electrical signal

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15
Q

Where are Neuron-transmitters stored?

A

Terminal Bottoms

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of neurons?

A
  1. interneurons
  2. multipolar nuerons
  3. unipolar nuerons
  4. Bipolar
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17
Q

what is interneurons ?

A

it connect the Neurons together

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18
Q

what is multipolar neurons ?

A

Multiple dendrite
1 long axon
mostly in the brain cortex

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19
Q

What is unipolar neurons ?

A

Seen in Sensory area

1 axon or 1 dendrite

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20
Q

what is Bipolar ?

A

Hearing / Vision / smell

1 axon and 1 dendrite

21
Q

What is Synapse and when does it happen?

A

it is communication/ the transmission of information from neuron to neuron

GA 5 months to birth

22
Q

What happens during pre Synapse?

A

the end of the axons are called Terminal bottoms and that is where the neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles

23
Q

what happens during Synapse?

A

it triggers the vesicles to open

Neurotransmitters are released

24
Q

where are the Neurotransmitters released ?

A

Synaptic cleft

25
Q

what is the Synaptic cleft ?

A

the spaces between pre/ post Synapse

26
Q

what are 3 ways Synapse impacts neurons ?

A
  1. exiting them
  2. inhabiting
  3. regulating
27
Q

what are 7 examples of neurotransmitters?

A
  1. acetylcholine
  2. glutamate
  3. gaba
  4. dopamine
  5. epinephrine
  6. norepinephrine
  7. serotonin
28
Q

what is acetylcholine ?

A

exiting

contracting the muscles PNS

29
Q

what is glutamate?

A

exiting

Fight / flight CNS

30
Q

what is GaBA?

A

inhabits

CNS sleep

31
Q

what is Dopamine?

A

motor control

brain reward system

32
Q

what is epinephrine ?

A

Excites
Heart rate
Flight Flight response

33
Q

what is norepinephrine ?

A

attention, alertness, mood

34
Q

What is serotonin ?

A

Exited/ inhabits

nervous system

35
Q

what are the two phases of communication?

A
  1. Electrical

2. Chemical

36
Q

what is in the electrical phase?

A
  1. Axons

2. Dendrites

37
Q

what is in the Chemical phase?

A
  1. neurotransmitters

2. Synaptic cleft

38
Q

what are the 4 steps of neuron function?

A
  1. polarization
  2. Chemical Transmission
    2B. Electrical firing
  3. Repolarization
39
Q

what is the other name for polarization ?

A

Resting Membrane potential

40
Q

what happens during polarization ?

A
  1. not transmitting

2. action energy

41
Q

what is the action energy due to in polarization ?

A
  1. more sodium on the outside
    K on the inside
  2. Negative charge
42
Q

what is the charge during polarization ?

A

Negative 70 Mv

43
Q

What happens during Chemical Firing?

A
  1. neuron ready to fire — Synapse occurs
  2. neurotransmitters are released
  3. neurotransmitters attack to receptors
44
Q

What happens during Electrical firing?

A
  1. protein Chanels open to allow the NA in to the Cell making it Positive

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

  1. Reaches action potential
45
Q

What happens during Repolarization ?

A
  1. re establish the gradients to equal
  2. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

the NA closes and the K would open

resets back

46
Q

what are the 2 Refectory Periods?

A
  1. Absolute Refectory period

2. Relative Refectory period

47
Q

what is the Absolute Refectory period ?

A

happens negative til positive

Na channels in active new stimulation has no IMACT on the neuron

NO CHANGE

48
Q

what is Relative Refectory period?

A

Neuron will respond to new but only very STRONG stimulation

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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