The Human Brain and Nervous Systems : Cells

Question 1

What 2 cells make up the Nervous System?

Answer 1

1. Neurons

2. Glial

Question 2

What are Neurons?

How many?

Answer 2

basic element in the nervous system

80-100 billlion in CNS and PNS

Question 3

What are the Glial Cells?

Answer 3

Support for the Neurons

Question 4

What Is the main role of the Glial Cell ?

Answer 4

Produce Myelin

Question 5

What Is the 7 main role of the Glial Cell ?

Answer 5

1. Support
2. Produce Myelin
3. Remove Debris
4. Housekeeping
5. neuron placement
6. help form the blood brain barrier
7. nourish the neurons

Question 6

What are the most important 5 Glial cells in the CNS?

Answer 6

1. Astrocytes
2. Oligodendrocytes
3. microglia
4. Schwann
5. satellite cells

Question 7

what is Astrocytes ?

Answer 7

nourishes the Neurons
protects against injury
tigers Synapse
CNS

Question 8

what is the Oligodendrocytes ?

Answer 8

Producing Myelin in CNS

Question 9

what is microglia?

Answer 9

Acting like an immune system

Question 10

what is Schwann ?

Answer 10

Producing Myelin in PNS

Question 11

what is satellite cells ?

Answer 11

nourishes the Neurons
protects against injury
tigers Synapse
in PNS

Question 12

what is Myline Made of ?

Answer 12

70 - lipid

30 - protein

Question 13

what are Nodes of Ranvier ?

Answer 13

when there is no myelin on the axon

Question 14

what does Nodes of Ranvier do?

Answer 14

Gives the Neuron the ability and speed to transmit electrical signal

Question 15

Where are Neuron-transmitters stored?

Answer 15

Terminal Bottoms

Question 16

What are the 4 types of neurons?

Answer 16

1. interneurons
2. multipolar nuerons
3. unipolar nuerons
4. Bipolar

Question 17

what is interneurons ?

Answer 17

it connect the Neurons together

Question 18

what is multipolar neurons ?

Answer 18

Multiple dendrite
1 long axon
mostly in the brain cortex

Question 19

What is unipolar neurons ?

Answer 19

Seen in Sensory area

1 axon or 1 dendrite

Question 20

what is Bipolar ?

Answer 20

Hearing / Vision / smell

1 axon and 1 dendrite

Question 21

What is Synapse and when does it happen?

Answer 21

it is communication/ the transmission of information from neuron to neuron

GA 5 months to birth

Question 22

What happens during pre Synapse?

Answer 22

the end of the axons are called Terminal bottoms and that is where the neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles

Question 23

what happens during Synapse?

Answer 23

it triggers the vesicles to open

Neurotransmitters are released

Question 24

where are the Neurotransmitters released ?

Answer 24

Synaptic cleft

Question 25

what is the Synaptic cleft ?

Answer 25

the spaces between pre/ post Synapse

Question 26

what are 3 ways Synapse impacts neurons ?

Answer 26

1. exiting them 2. inhabiting 3. regulating

Question 27

what are 7 examples of neurotransmitters?

Answer 27

1. acetylcholine 2. glutamate 3. gaba 4. dopamine 5. epinephrine 6. norepinephrine 7. serotonin

Question 28

what is acetylcholine ?

Answer 28

exiting | contracting the muscles PNS

Question 29

what is glutamate?

Answer 29

exiting | Fight / flight CNS

Question 30

what is GaBA?

Answer 30

inhabits | CNS sleep

Question 31

what is Dopamine?

Answer 31

motor control | brain reward system

Question 32

what is epinephrine ?

Answer 32

Excites Heart rate Flight Flight response

Question 33

what is norepinephrine ?

Answer 33

attention, alertness, mood

Question 34

What is serotonin ?

Answer 34

Exited/ inhabits | nervous system

Question 35

what are the two phases of communication?

Answer 35

1. Electrical | 2. Chemical

Question 36

what is in the electrical phase?

Answer 36

1. Axons | 2. Dendrites

Question 37

what is in the Chemical phase?

Answer 37

1. neurotransmitters | 2. Synaptic cleft

Question 38

what are the 4 steps of neuron function?

Answer 38

1. polarization 2. Chemical Transmission 2B. Electrical firing 3. Repolarization

Question 39

what is the other name for polarization ?

Answer 39

Resting Membrane potential

Question 40

what happens during polarization ?

Answer 40

1. not transmitting | 2. action energy

Question 41

what is the action energy due to in polarization ?

Answer 41

1. more sodium on the outside K on the inside 2. Negative charge

Question 42

what is the charge during polarization ?

Answer 42

Negative 70 Mv

Question 43

What happens during Chemical Firing?

Answer 43

1. neuron ready to fire --- Synapse occurs 2. neurotransmitters are released 3. neurotransmitters attack to receptors

Question 44

What happens during Electrical firing?

Answer 44

1. protein Chanels open to allow the NA in to the Cell making it Positive PASSIVE TRANSPORT 2. Reaches action potential

Question 45

What happens during Repolarization ?

Answer 45

1. re establish the gradients to equal 2. ACTIVE TRANSPORT the NA closes and the K would open resets back

Question 46

what are the 2 Refectory Periods?

Answer 46

1. Absolute Refectory period | 2. Relative Refectory period

Question 47

what is the Absolute Refectory period ?

Answer 47

happens negative til positive Na channels in active new stimulation has no IMACT on the neuron NO CHANGE

Question 48

what is Relative Refectory period?

Answer 48

Neuron will respond to new but only very STRONG stimulation