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Neuroanatomy > Neural Vascularization Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Neural Vascularization Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The brain needs what in order to function properly ?

A
  1. Oxygen

2. Oxygenated blood

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2
Q

What is the % of oxygen the brain consumes?

A
  1. 20% - 30%
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3
Q

What do the arteries of the brain do?

A
  1. Bring oxygenated blood to the brain
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4
Q

What are the four major players of the artery system?

A
  1. heart
  2. aorta
  3. carotid artery system
  4. vertebral / basilar artery system
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5
Q

What are the 2 main arteries ?

A
  1. Subclavian

2. Common Carotid

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6
Q

Where do Subclavian and Common Carotid branch from?

A
  1. Aortic Arch
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7
Q

What does the carotid artery system feed?

A
  1. Oxygenated blood to the brain
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8
Q

Where does the carotid artery system branch from?

A
  1. Left and right Common Carotid
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9
Q

What does Left and right Common Carotid branch to?

A
  1. internal

2. external

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10
Q

What does the internal Common Carotid feed?

A
  1. Blood to the brain
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11
Q

What does the external Common Carotid feed?

A
  1. Blood to the face, eyes, nasal, and oral cavity
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12
Q

The vertebral / basilar artery system branches off from ?

A
  1. Left and right Subclavian
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13
Q

The vertebral / basilar artery system feeds?

A
  1. brain stem
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14
Q

What are the two systems for the artery ?

A
  1. vertebral / basilar artery system

2. carotid internal artery system

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15
Q

Which system is the posterior route?

A
  1. vertebral / basilar artery system
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16
Q

Which system is the anterior route?

A
  1. carotid internal artery system
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17
Q

vertebral / basilar artery system is providing blood to the… ?

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla
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18
Q

What is the artery located in the midbrain?

A
  1. posterior cerebral artery
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19
Q

what is the artery located in the pons?

A
  1. basilar artery
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20
Q

what is the artery located in the medulla?

A
  1. vertebral artery
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21
Q

where does the vertebral artery branch from?

A
  1. Left and right Subclavian
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22
Q

Where is the vertebral artery located?

A
  1. medulla
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23
Q

What does the vertebral artery feed?

A
  1. Brainstem and medulla
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24
Q

How many vertebral artery are there?

A
  1. left and right = 2
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25
Q

Left vertebral artery + Right vertebral artery =

A

Basilar Artery

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26
Q

What are the two arteries that branches off the vertebral artery ?

A
  1. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

2. anterior spinal artery

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27
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery is also known as?

A
  1. PICA
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28
Q

What does PICA feed?

A
  1. posterior cerebellum and medulla
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29
Q

What makes the Basilar Artery ?

A

Left vertebral artery + Right vertebral artery

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30
Q

Where is the Basilar Artery located?

A
  1. level of the pons
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31
Q

What does the Basilar Artery feed?

A
  1. Pons
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32
Q

What are three arteries that branch off the Basilar Artery ?

A
  1. Anterior/Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  2. Superior Cerebellar Artery
  3. Posterior Cerebral Artery
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33
Q

Anterior/Inferior Cerebellar Artery is also known as?

A
  1. AICA
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34
Q

What does AICA feed?

A
  1. anterior part of the cerebellum
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35
Q

Superior Cerebellar Artery is also known as ?

A
  1. SCA
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36
Q

What does SCA feed?

A

1.Cerebellum

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37
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery is also known as ?

A
  1. PCA
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38
Q

PCA feeds?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. medial lateral - occipital
  3. medial inferior lateral - temporal
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39
Q

How many PCA are there ?

A
  1. two
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40
Q

What happens at the PCA ?

A
  1. splits into two
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41
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery is branching from?

A
  1. vertebral artery
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42
Q

Anterior Spinal Artery is feeding ?

A
  1. spinal cord
43
Q

Where is the internal carotid system located?

A
  1. lateral side close to the optic chiasm
44
Q

What are the two important branches of internal carotid system?

A
  1. Middel Cerebral Artery

2. Anterior Cerebral Artery

45
Q

Middel Cerebral Artery also known as?

46
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery also known as ?

47
Q

What does the MCA feed?

A
  1. lateral surfaces of the brain (language areas)
    - frontal
    - parietal
    - temporal
48
Q

What does ACA feed?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
49
Q

What are the two important small communicative artery?

A
  1. Posterior communicating artery

2. anterior communication artery

50
Q

Posterior communicating artery connects?

51
Q

Anterior communication artery connects ?

52
Q

What is the main artery feeding cerebellum?

53
Q

What is the difference between an artery and nerve?

A
  1. arteries are tube like ( have a hole)

2. Nerves not like a tube ( no hole)

54
Q

What are subcortical structures ?

A

structures inside the brain

  • basal ganglia
  • thalamus / hypothalamus
55
Q

What is the main purpose of the circle of Willis ?

A
  1. providing balance in the blood pressure / flow in the brain
56
Q

What happens if there is a clot or blockage in the arteries of the brain ?

A
  1. Willis circle will compensate making sure the blood flow /pressure is balanced
57
Q

what structures make up Willis circle?

A
  1. PCA
  2. Internal carotid artery
  3. Posterior communicating
  4. anterior communicating
  5. anterior cerebral atrery
58
Q

What is the main purpose of Venous Drainage System?

A
  1. waste removal system
59
Q

What does the Venous Drainage System consist of?

A
  1. veins

2. dural sinuses

60
Q

Where are sinuses?

A
  1. Where the dura matter is separated
61
Q

How does the Venous Drainage System work?

A
  1. small veins take deoxygenated blood / CSF to bigger veins
  2. Cerebral veins
  • superficial veins
  • deep veins
  1. Sinuses
  2. Jugular viens
  3. heart
62
Q

What are the “bigger veins” called in the Venous Drainage System ?

A
  1. Cerebral veins
63
Q

What are the 2 veins that come off of the Cerebral veins ?

A
  1. Superficial

2. Deep

64
Q

In the Venous Drainage System what do the superficial veins do?

A
  1. collects deoxygenated blood from the surface of the cortex
65
Q

In the Venous Drainage System what do the deep veins do?

A
  1. collects deoxygenated blood from subcortical areas
    • basal ganglia
    • gray matter
66
Q

After the deep and superficial veins collect deoxygenated blood what happens?

A
  1. empty deoxygenated blood into sinuses
67
Q

After the deoxygenated blood into sinuses in Venous Drainage System what happens?

A
  1. goes to the internal jugular veins
68
Q

After the After the deoxygenated blood into jugular veins of the Venous Drainage System what happens?

A
  1. gets brought back to the heart
69
Q

What is the first and last destination of the Venous Drainage System?

A
  1. small veins take deoxygenated blood / CSF to bigger veins
  2. Jugular veins or heart
70
Q

What is a pathology that happens in the vascular system?

A
  1. Cerebral vascular accidents
71
Q

Cerebral vascular accidents also known as?

A
  1. CVA

2. stroke

72
Q

What is CVA ?

A
  1. sudden damage by decreasing / suspending oxygenated blood / glucose to the brain, due to an or disturbance of the brains vesicle or interruption of the brain blood supply
73
Q

What can a stroke impact?

A
  1. movement
  2. speech
  3. sensory
  4. language
74
Q

What are the two main Cerebral vascular accidents?

A
  1. ischemic

2. hemorrhage

75
Q

How much more often is a ischemic ?

A
  1. 80% or more
76
Q

What happens when there is an ischemic stroke ?

A
  1. loss of blood flow to the brain due to blockage
77
Q

What are the 3 types of ischemic strokes?

A
  1. Thrombosis of Cerebral artery
  2. Embolism of the brain
  3. Transient ischemic attack
78
Q

What happens during Thrombosis of Cerebral artery stroke ?

A
  1. clot in the artery

2. interrupting the flow of blood to brain

79
Q

what happens during Embolism of the brain stoke ?

A
  1. when blood clot / unsolved mass (solid liquid gas ) presents in the blood vesicles blocking the arteries
80
Q

What happens during Transient ischemic attack ?

A
  1. Artery of the brain temporally blocked - clot

2. resolves in hours or minutes

81
Q

Transient ischemic attack also known as ?

82
Q

Transient ischemic attack could be a warning for?

A
  1. an other stroke to come
83
Q

What are the two types of TIA?

A
  1. Carotid

2. Vertebrobasilar

84
Q

What happens in Carotid TIA ?

A
  1. Unilateral weakness limbs
  2. motor / sensory of face
  3. homonymous and hemianopsia
  4. transient consular blindness
85
Q

why is there transient consular blindness in Carotid TIA?

A
  1. ophthalmic artery
86
Q

what are the effects in the Vertebrobasilar TIA ?

A
  1. bilateral weakness
  2. motor / sensory disturbance
  3. gait ataxia
87
Q

What does gait ataxia mean?

A
  1. walking imbalance
88
Q

what blockage is happening in the Vertebrobasilar TIA?

A
  1. arteries feeding the cerebellum
    - PICA
    - SCA
    - AICA
89
Q

What are three impacts from Vertebrobasilar TIA a SLP/ AUD would look at?

A
  1. dysphagia
  2. Dysarthria
  3. dizziness / tinnitus
90
Q

What part of the brain stem is dysphagia ?

91
Q

what part of the brain stem deals with dizziness / tinnitus ?

92
Q

What does an ischemic stroke look like on a CT scan ?

A
  1. the color is darker
93
Q

why does the darker color show up darker on a scan ?

A
  1. not getting enough oxygenated blood
94
Q

how does one diagnosed a stroke ?

A
  1. MRI - in depth

2. CT - faster

95
Q

what is the % of hemorrhagic strokes?

96
Q

what are the 3 types of hemorrhagic strokes?

A
  1. intra - axial
  2. external axial
  3. aneurysm
97
Q

what happens in the intra - axial ?

A

inside of the brain tissue
artery ruptured
blood related in to the brain tissue

98
Q

what happens in the external axial ?

A 
out side of brain tissue 
blood accumulated in 
- subdural 
-epidural 
-subarachnoid
99
Q

where does an aneurysm happen?

A
  1. where arteries are splitting because its thinner

2. could lead to hem ridge it artery is ruptured

100
Q

Why is hemorrhagic stokes so devastating ?

A
  1. damage to the brain tissue
  2. hight inter cranial pressure
  3. could lead to death
101
Q

epidural external axial on a CT scan is ?

A
  1. in one place
102
Q

subdural external axial on a CT scan is ?

A
  1. not in a specific place
103
Q

Dead infract ?

A

dying outside of brain

black

104
Q

Necrotic ?

A
  1. cells of brain tissue dying because not getting enough o2 blood

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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