Neural Vascularization Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
The brain needs what in order to function properly ?
A
- Oxygen
2. Oxygenated blood
2
Q
What is the % of oxygen the brain consumes?
A
- 20% - 30%
3
Q
What do the arteries of the brain do?
A
- Bring oxygenated blood to the brain
4
Q
What are the four major players of the artery system?
A
- heart
- aorta
- carotid artery system
- vertebral / basilar artery system
5
Q
What are the 2 main arteries ?
A
- Subclavian
2. Common Carotid
6
Q
Where do Subclavian and Common Carotid branch from?
A
- Aortic Arch
7
Q
What does the carotid artery system feed?
A
- Oxygenated blood to the brain
8
Q
Where does the carotid artery system branch from?
A
- Left and right Common Carotid
9
Q
What does Left and right Common Carotid branch to?
A
- internal
2. external
10
Q
What does the internal Common Carotid feed?
A
- Blood to the brain
11
Q
What does the external Common Carotid feed?
A
- Blood to the face, eyes, nasal, and oral cavity
12
Q
The vertebral / basilar artery system branches off from ?
A
- Left and right Subclavian
13
Q
The vertebral / basilar artery system feeds?
A
- brain stem
14
Q
What are the two systems for the artery ?
A
- vertebral / basilar artery system
2. carotid internal artery system
15
Q
Which system is the posterior route?
A
- vertebral / basilar artery system
16
Q
Which system is the anterior route?
A
- carotid internal artery system
17
Q
vertebral / basilar artery system is providing blood to the… ?
A
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla
18
Q
What is the artery located in the midbrain?
A
- posterior cerebral artery
19
Q
what is the artery located in the pons?
A
- basilar artery
20
Q
what is the artery located in the medulla?
A
- vertebral artery
21
Q
where does the vertebral artery branch from?
A
- Left and right Subclavian
22
Q
Where is the vertebral artery located?
A
- medulla
23
Q
What does the vertebral artery feed?
A
- Brainstem and medulla
24
Q
How many vertebral artery are there?
A
- left and right = 2
25
Left vertebral artery + Right vertebral artery =
Basilar Artery
26
What are the two arteries that branches off the vertebral artery ?
1. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
| 2. anterior spinal artery
27
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery is also known as?
1. PICA
28
What does PICA feed?
1. posterior cerebellum and medulla
29
What makes the Basilar Artery ?
Left vertebral artery + Right vertebral artery
30
Where is the Basilar Artery located?
1. level of the pons
31
What does the Basilar Artery feed?
1. Pons
32
What are three arteries that branch off the Basilar Artery ?
1. Anterior/Inferior Cerebellar Artery
2. Superior Cerebellar Artery
3. Posterior Cerebral Artery
33
Anterior/Inferior Cerebellar Artery is also known as?
1. AICA
34
What does AICA feed?
1. anterior part of the cerebellum
35
Superior Cerebellar Artery is also known as ?
1. SCA
36
What does SCA feed?
1.Cerebellum
37
Posterior Cerebral Artery is also known as ?
1. PCA
38
PCA feeds?
1. Midbrain
2. medial lateral - occipital
3. medial inferior lateral - temporal
39
How many PCA are there ?
1. two
40
What happens at the PCA ?
1. splits into two
41
Anterior Spinal Artery is branching from?
1. vertebral artery
42
Anterior Spinal Artery is feeding ?
1. spinal cord
43
Where is the internal carotid system located?
1. lateral side close to the optic chiasm
44
What are the two important branches of internal carotid system?
1. Middel Cerebral Artery
| 2. Anterior Cerebral Artery
45
Middel Cerebral Artery also known as?
1. MCA
46
Anterior Cerebral Artery also known as ?
2. ACA
47
What does the MCA feed?
1. lateral surfaces of the brain (language areas)
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal
48
What does ACA feed?
1. Frontal lobe
49
What are the two important small communicative artery?
1. Posterior communicating artery
| 2. anterior communication artery
50
Posterior communicating artery connects?
1. PCA
51
Anterior communication artery connects ?
1. ACA
52
What is the main artery feeding cerebellum?
1. PICA
53
What is the difference between an artery and nerve?
1. arteries are tube like ( have a hole)
| 2. Nerves not like a tube ( no hole)
54
What are subcortical structures ?
structures inside the brain
- basal ganglia
- thalamus / hypothalamus
55
What is the main purpose of the circle of Willis ?
1. providing balance in the blood pressure / flow in the brain
56
What happens if there is a clot or blockage in the arteries of the brain ?
1. Willis circle will compensate making sure the blood flow /pressure is balanced
57
what structures make up Willis circle?
1. PCA
2. Internal carotid artery
3. Posterior communicating
4. anterior communicating
5. anterior cerebral atrery
58
What is the main purpose of Venous Drainage System?
1. waste removal system
59
What does the Venous Drainage System consist of?
1. veins
| 2. dural sinuses
60
Where are sinuses?
1. Where the dura matter is separated
61
How does the Venous Drainage System work?
1. small veins take deoxygenated blood / CSF to bigger veins
2. Cerebral veins
- superficial veins
- deep veins
3. Sinuses
4. Jugular viens
5. heart
62
What are the "bigger veins" called in the Venous Drainage System ?
1. Cerebral veins
63
What are the 2 veins that come off of the Cerebral veins ?
1. Superficial
| 2. Deep
64
In the Venous Drainage System what do the superficial veins do?
1. collects deoxygenated blood from the surface of the cortex
65
In the Venous Drainage System what do the deep veins do?
1. collects deoxygenated blood from subcortical areas
- basal ganglia
- gray matter
66
After the deep and superficial veins collect deoxygenated blood what happens?
1. empty deoxygenated blood into sinuses
67
After the deoxygenated blood into sinuses in Venous Drainage System what happens?
1. goes to the internal jugular veins
68
After the After the deoxygenated blood into jugular veins of the Venous Drainage System what happens?
1. gets brought back to the heart
69
What is the first and last destination of the Venous Drainage System?
1. small veins take deoxygenated blood / CSF to bigger veins
2. Jugular veins or heart
70
What is a pathology that happens in the vascular system?
1. Cerebral vascular accidents
71
Cerebral vascular accidents also known as?
1. CVA
| 2. stroke
72
What is CVA ?
1. sudden damage by decreasing / suspending oxygenated blood / glucose to the brain, due to an or disturbance of the brains vesicle or interruption of the brain blood supply
73
What can a stroke impact?
1. movement
2. speech
3. sensory
4. language
74
What are the two main Cerebral vascular accidents?
1. ischemic
| 2. hemorrhage
75
How much more often is a ischemic ?
1. 80% or more
76
What happens when there is an ischemic stroke ?
1. loss of blood flow to the brain due to blockage
77
What are the 3 types of ischemic strokes?
1. Thrombosis of Cerebral artery
2. Embolism of the brain
3. Transient ischemic attack
78
What happens during Thrombosis of Cerebral artery stroke ?
1. clot in the artery
| 2. interrupting the flow of blood to brain
79
what happens during Embolism of the brain stoke ?
1. when blood clot / unsolved mass (solid liquid gas ) presents in the blood vesicles blocking the arteries
80
What happens during Transient ischemic attack ?
1. Artery of the brain temporally blocked - clot
| 2. resolves in hours or minutes
81
Transient ischemic attack also known as ?
TIA
82
Transient ischemic attack could be a warning for?
1. an other stroke to come
83
What are the two types of TIA?
1. Carotid
| 2. Vertebrobasilar
84
What happens in Carotid TIA ?
1. Unilateral weakness limbs
2. motor / sensory of face
3. homonymous and hemianopsia
4. transient consular blindness
85
why is there transient consular blindness in Carotid TIA?
1. ophthalmic artery
86
what are the effects in the Vertebrobasilar TIA ?
1. bilateral weakness
2. motor / sensory disturbance
3. gait ataxia
87
What does gait ataxia mean?
1. walking imbalance
88
what blockage is happening in the Vertebrobasilar TIA?
1. arteries feeding the cerebellum
- PICA
- SCA
- AICA
89
What are three impacts from Vertebrobasilar TIA a SLP/ AUD would look at?
1. dysphagia
2. Dysarthria
3. dizziness / tinnitus
90
What part of the brain stem is dysphagia ?
1. pons
91
what part of the brain stem deals with dizziness / tinnitus ?
1. medulla
92
What does an ischemic stroke look like on a CT scan ?
1. the color is darker
93
why does the darker color show up darker on a scan ?
1. not getting enough oxygenated blood
94
how does one diagnosed a stroke ?
1. MRI - in depth
| 2. CT - faster
95
what is the % of hemorrhagic strokes?
1. 20 -15 %
96
what are the 3 types of hemorrhagic strokes?
1. intra - axial
2. external axial
3. aneurysm
97
what happens in the intra - axial ?
inside of the brain tissue
artery ruptured
blood related in to the brain tissue
98
what happens in the external axial ?
```
out side of brain tissue
blood accumulated in
- subdural
-epidural
-subarachnoid
```
99
where does an aneurysm happen?
1. where arteries are splitting because its thinner
| 2. could lead to hem ridge it artery is ruptured
100
Why is hemorrhagic stokes so devastating ?
1. damage to the brain tissue
2. hight inter cranial pressure
3. could lead to death
101
epidural external axial on a CT scan is ?
1. in one place
102
subdural external axial on a CT scan is ?
1. not in a specific place
103
Dead infract ?
dying outside of brain
| black
104
Necrotic ?
1. cells of brain tissue dying because not getting enough o2 blood
