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Neuroanatomy > The Cranial Nerves Chapter 6 > Flashcards

The Cranial Nerves Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are CN?

A

PNS

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2
Q

What do CN do?

A
  1. provides sensory/ motor information to structures in head and neck
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3
Q

How many CN are there?

A

12

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4
Q

CN I ?

A

Olfactory

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5
Q

CN ll ?

A

Optic

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6
Q

CN lll ?

A

Oculomotor

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7
Q

CN lV ?

A

Trochlear

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8
Q

CN V?

A

Trigeminal

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9
Q

CN Vl ?

A

Abducens

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10
Q

CN Vll ?

A

Facial

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11
Q

CN Vlll ?

A

Vestibulocochlear

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12
Q

CN lX ?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

CN X ?

A

Vagus

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14
Q

CN Xl ?

A

Accessory

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15
Q

CN Xll?

A

Hypoglossal

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16
Q

Where is CN 6, 7, 8 located?

A

in between pons and medulla

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17
Q

What nerve is in the pons?

A
  1. Trigeminal
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18
Q

Where are CN 9,10,11, 12 located?

A

medulla

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19
Q

What are 3 ways to define CN?

A
  1. Function
  2. Area of service
  3. Type of Fiber
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20
Q

What are the 2 types of functions?

A
  1. General

2. Special

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21
Q

What does General Function mean ?

A
  1. Motor and sensory or both

2. Sensory information provides motor info

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22
Q

What does special functions mean?

A
  1. never conveying special senses
  2. no motor
  3. smell CN l , auditory CN Vlll , vision CN ll
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23
Q

CN l / CN ll / CN Vlll are ?

A

!. Special senses and sensory senses

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24
Q

What are the 2 areas of service for CN ?

A
  1. Somatic - functions were we have control

2. Visceral - functions that we don’t have control

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25
Q

What are the 2 types of fibers in CN ?

A

1 Afferent - sensory
2. efferent - motor

  • could be both*
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26
Q

Afferent connection ?

A

arrives

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27
Q

Efferent connection ?

A

exist

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28
Q

Olfactory CN ?

A
  1. CN l
  2. Only nerve fibers / projection that don’t go to the thalamus for further processing
  3. Sensory / special
  4. Afferent - smell
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29
Q

Olfactory CN location ?

A

Level at Cerebrum Brain

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30
Q

Olfactory CN pathway ?

A
  1. Initial receptors ( BIPOLAR ) of smell are in the nasal cavity.
  2. Bipolar neurons take smell and assist on to the second neurons—— Olfactory bulb
  3. Olfactory bulb passes though the ethmoid bone ——-cribaform palate
  4. through the cribaform palate holes projections / fibers of the nerve passes through to reach the cortex
31
Q

Where do the Olfactory CN end up in the cortex ?

A
  1. temporal lobe

2. Lombax system

32
Q

Lombax system ?

A
  1. Memory and emotion
33
Q

Optic Nerve ?

A
  1. CN ll
  2. Special / Sensory
  3. Afferent / Vision
34
Q

What is the Optic Nerve Pathway ?

A
  1. respecters of the retina
  2. the nerve comes out the most posterior part of the eyes ( nasal or temporal )
  3. travels until optic Chiasm - nasal crosses and temporal continues to go down
  4. some of the nerves will travel to the superior colliculus and some will go to the LGN Thalamus
  5. continues to the cortex —- occipital lob
35
Q

what is optic chiasm ?

A

Crossing for nasal fibers of the Optic Nerve

36
Q

Where is the Optic Nerve ?

A

Level at the cerebrum brain

37
Q

Oculomotor Nerve ?

A

CN lll

Movement of Eyes

38
Q

What are the 2 Main fibers of Oculomotor Nerve ?

A
  1. GVE – constriction of pupil
  2. GSE – Holding eyelid open
    No Sensory !!
39
Q

What are 3 pathologies of Oculomotor Nerve ?

A
  1. Ptosis - eyelids droopy
  2. strabismus - eyes crossing
  3. diplopia - seeing double
40
Q

Which Nerve Nuclei is located the pons?

A

5

41
Q

n/a

A

n/a

42
Q

Trochlear nerve ?

A
  1. Movement of the eyes
  2. GSE - Motor
  3. CN lV
43
Q

what small muscle does Trochlear nerve innervate?

A
  1. superior oblique musclé of the eye

2. downward movement

44
Q

Trochlear nerve is the ONLY CN that exist where?

A

from the dorsal aspect

45
Q

Trigeminal ?

A
  1. CN V
  2. Largest Nerve
  3. Has 3 major branches
  4. Sensory touch, pain, temp, and vibration for face and mouth —- GSA
  5. motor chewing ——- GVE
46
Q

what are the 3 major branches of Trigeminal ?

A
  1. Ophthalmic
  2. maxillary
  3. mandibular
47
Q

Trigeminal CN Ophthalmic branch ?

A
  1. sensory
  2. eye / forehead area
  3. passes through superior fissure
48
Q

Trigeminal CN maxillary branch ?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Maxilla skin
  3. foramen rotundum
49
Q

Trigeminal CN mandibular branch ?

A
  1. sensory / motor
  2. anterior 2/3 of the tongue —- sensory
  3. mandible - chewing muscles – motor
  4. formen ovale
50
Q

Abducens ?

A
  1. CN Vl
  2. Motor GSE
  3. controls movement of a signal muscle
51
Q

Abducens muscle?

A
  1. Lateral rectus muscle of eye
52
Q

Facial ?

A
  1. CN Vll
  2. Morot and Sensory
  3. problems could be bells palsy
53
Q

What are the motor of facial?

A
  1. Muscle of facial expressions

2. chewing/ speaking

54
Q

What are the sensory of facial CN?

A
  1. taste anterior 2/3 of the tongue
55
Q

What is bells palsy ?

A
  1. weakness in facial muscle
  2. could be because of viral infection or not proper intervention of the facial Nerve
  3. could be resolved in 4 - 6 months
56
Q

What nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN 7

CN 8

57
Q

Vestibulocochlear ?

A
  1. CN 8
  2. two branches —- vestibular and cochlear
  3. sensory
  4. deals with balance and audio at the same time
58
Q

Auditory Nerve pathway in Vestibulocochlear CN ?

A
  1. stimulating the hair cells in the inner ear
  2. goes to the spinal ganglion - cochlea
  3. goes to the medulla
  4. goes to the pons—- superior olivary complex
  5. goes to mid brain — inferior colliculus
  6. MGN - thalamus
  7. Auditory cortex
59
Q

Glossopharyngeal ?

A
  1. CN 9

2. sensory and motor

60
Q

Sensory in the Glossopharyngeal CN? ( 4 items )

A
  1. posterior 1/3 tongue
  2. tonsils
  3. pharynx
  4. middle ear
61
Q

Motor ( parasympathetic fibers ) in the Glossopharyngeal CN? ( 2 items)

A
  1. Gag reflux

2. stylopharyngeus muscle innervation

62
Q

stylopharyngeus muscle innervation ?

A

elevates the larynx

63
Q

What nerves go through the Jugular foramen ?

A

9, 10 ,11

64
Q

Vagus CN?

A
  1. Important for voice
  2. lateral side of medulla
  3. afferent , efferent , somatic , visceral
65
Q

n/a

A

n/a

66
Q

What are the 2 main branches of motor in vagus CN?

A
  1. pharyngeal

2. Laryngeal

67
Q

Pharyngeal Vagus CN ?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Middel
  3. Inferior pharyngeal constrictors
  4. levator veli palatinl
68
Q

levator veli palatinl?

A
  1. elevating volume

2. doesn’t work right could cause nasal speech / regurgitation

69
Q

Laryngeal Vagus CN ?

A
  1. muscle of the larynx
  2. sensory above and below the larynx
    • not feeling anything going into the air way
70
Q

Motor Vagus CN ?

A 
1. pain from 
pharynx 
larynx 
esophagus 
abdominal
71
Q

Accessory ?

A

CN 11
2 branches spinal and cranial
provides motor innervation 2 muscles
GSE nerve

72
Q

in the Accessory CN what two muscles are innervated?

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid muscle

2. Upper part of trapezius muscle

73
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve ?

A
  1. GSE motor
  2. Motor fibers to all muscle of the tongue EXEPT PALATOGLOSSUS — innervated by vagus
  3. if not innervated could cause articulation problems

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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