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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 3 Test Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Test Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Astrocytes ?

A
  1. CNS
  2. provides nutrients for neurons
  3. protects against injury / produce materials to trigger synapse
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2
Q

Oligodendrocytes ?

A
  1. CNS
  2. Producing myleine
  3. Helps with motor skills
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3
Q

Microglia ?

A
  1. Acts like an immune system
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4
Q

Schwann Cells ?

A
  1. PNS
  2. Producing myleine
  3. Helps with motor skills
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5
Q

Ependymal ?

A
  1. CNS

2. Produces CSF

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6
Q

Satellite ?

A
  1. PNS
  2. provides nutrients for neurons
  3. protects against injury / produce materials to trigger synapse
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7
Q

What is is called when the myelin isn’t covering the axons?

A

Nodes of Ranvier step in

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8
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored ?

A

Terminal buttons

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons ?

A
  1. multipolar
  2. unipolar
  3. bipolar
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10
Q

Multipolar neurons ?

A
  1. Multiple dendrites / 1 axon
  2. in brain cortex
  3. mostly motor and sensory
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11
Q

Unipolar neurons ?

A
  1. 1 dendrite or 1 axon

2. seen in the sensory area

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12
Q

Bipolar neurons ?

A
  1. 1 dendrite and 1 axon

2. hearing vision smell

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13
Q

What happens during pre synapse ?

A
  1. end of the axons are terminal buttons

2. the neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles in the terminal button

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14
Q

What happens during synapse ?

A
  1. Synapse occurs and triggers the vesicles in the terminal button to open
  2. neurotransmitters are released in to the area called Synaptic cleft
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15
Q

What is synaptic cleft ?

A

the space between the pre/ post synapse

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16
Q

How does synapse impact the body ?

A
  1. exited
  2. inhabits
  3. regulates
17
Q

Acetylcholine ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. PNS
  3. Muscles contract / memory
  4. exitting
  5. could caused MG
18
Q

Glutamate ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. CNS
  3. Exciting
  4. fight / flight and memory
19
Q

Gaba ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. CNS
  3. inhabits
  4. sleep
  5. leads to depression
20
Q

Dopamine ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. motor control / brain reward system
  3. could lead to Parkinson’s
21
Q

Epinephrine ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. Excites
  3. fight / flight
  4. could lead to anxiety
22
Q

Norepinephrine ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. regulatory
  3. attention , alertness , mood
23
Q

Serotonin ?

A
  1. Neurotransmitter
  2. excites / inhabits
  3. sleep
    4 . could lead to mood disorders
24
Q

What are the 2 phases of communication for Neurons ?

A
  1. Electrical

2. chemical

25
Q

What is in the the electrical phase ?

A
  1. dendrites

2. axons

26
Q

What is in the the chemical phase ?

A
  1. neurotransmitters

3. synaptic cleft

27
Q

What are the 3 steps for neural function ( firing the gun) ?

A
  1. polarization
  2. Chemical transmission / Action potential ( depolarization )
  3. Repolazaion
28
Q

Polarization ?

A
  1. first step
  2. Resting membrane potential
  3. no transmitting is happening
  4. Neuron is negative - 70
    • sodium on the outside
    • potassium on the inside
29
Q

Chemical Transmission ?

A
  1. second step
  2. neuron is ready to fire — synapse occurs
  3. neurotransmitter released and attached to gila cell
30
Q

Depolarization ?

A
  1. second step
  2. protein channels open and sodium from the outside comes in cell triggering neuron to fire making the cell positive
  3. passive transportation
31
Q

Repolazaion ?

A
  1. third step

2. making it go back to negative charge by opening up protein Chanels for K to go out using active transport

32
Q

What are two pain synapse pathologies ?

A
  1. Multiple Sclerosis

2. Myasthenia gravis

33
Q

Multiple Sclerosis ?

A
  1. Myelin in the CNS around the axon is damaged

2. Oligodendrocytes impacted

34
Q

Myasthenia gravis ?

A
  1. Muscle weekness / fatigue

2. Acetylcholine receptors blocked by the bodies antibodies

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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