The Human Brain and Nervous System (Chapter 1 & 2 ) Flashcards
What is Neurology?
the study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of nervous system
Neuroanatomy?
the study of the nervous system structures
Neurophysiology?
the study of the nervous system functions
Neuropathology
the study of the nervous diseases
What are the 2 major parts of there nervous systems?
- Central
2. Peripteral
What is main stuff in the Central Nervous system?
- brain
2. spinal cord
What are the main aspects of Peripteral Nervous System?
- Nerves
What are the two types of nerves in the peripteral nervous system?
- Cranial Nerve
2. Spinal nerve
Cranial nerve?
small branches that come off the brain.
they send messages from he brain to the head and neck.
Spinal nerves?
come off the spinal cord
3 pairs of them
What are 5 reasons SLPs need to know Neurology?
- Common terminology
- choose appropriate testing instumpents
- knowing the type of Brian and what it injury could cause in a certain part of the brain
- document change / efficiency of treatment
- neruroplacity can help plan and effective treatment
incidence?
new cases per year
Prevalence ?
total number of cases
What does navigation of the nervous system mean?
Looking at
- amotomical positions
- body planes
- directional terms
Coronal section ?
front to back
Sagittal sections?
left to right
Transvers sections ?
upper to lower
Superior ?
high
front part of the brain
caudal ?
Low
back part of the brain
ventral?
to the belly
belly of the brain
Dorsal ?
to the back
top of the brain
lateral
away from the bodies midline
side of the brain
Medial
to midline
middle of the brain
proximal ?
the point nearest limb attachment
Distal ?
point far way from attachment
peripheral ?
to the surface
central ?
to the center
ipsilateral ?
on the same side
contralateral ?
opposite side
gyrus ?
bumpy areas
sulcus ?
depressions
Fissures ?
deep depressions
lobes?
places across the brain that have specific functions
what are the 4 lobes?
- frontal
- partial lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
What is the Anatomical Approach?
Based on gross anatomy of nervous systems
What is the functional approach?
Based on the function of the nervous systems of voluntary and involuntary
In the Functional approach what two nervous systems are there?
- Sensory / Afferent
2. Motor / Efferent
What are the two branches of Sensory Systems in the Functional approach?
- Somatosensory
2. Visceral
Afferent?
Gets information and brings in to the nervous system
in the the functional approach what is Somatosensory?
in charge of pain / pressure
in the functional approach what is the Visceral in charge for?
in charge of hunger / thirst / organs
no control
in the functional approach what does efferent mean ?
takes information out of nervous system and sends it to our face/ hands
in the functional approach what 2 branches are in the motor system?
- Automatic
2. somatic
in the Functional approach what is the Automatic Nervous system?
acts as a control system functioning outside levels of consciousness
in the Functional approach what is the Automatic Nervous system examples?
- heart rate
- breathing
- sexual arousal
in the Functional approach what is the Automatic Nervous system divides in to two main branches?
- parasympathetic
2. Sympathetic
parasympathetic ?
Rest Digest
conserves energy
blood pressure down, slow down breathing
Sympathetic ?
fight / flight
makes you ready
dilates eyes
Somatic?
Motor signals out of our control
what is the developmental approach ?
Looks at the brain organization based on what has happened during development
