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Neuroanatomy > Protection of the CNS Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Protection of the CNS Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main protections for CNS?

A
  1. Skull
  2. Meninges
  3. BBB
  4. CSF
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2
Q

How many bones are in infants and adults?

A
  1. 33

2. 26

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3
Q

What are the 5 sections of the veritable column ?

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacrum
  5. Coccyx
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4
Q

how many bones are in Cervical ?

A

7

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5
Q

how many bones are in Thoracic ?

A

12

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6
Q

how many bones are in Lumbar ?

A

5

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7
Q

how many bones are in Sacrum ?

A

5 fused 1 big

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8
Q

how many bones are in Coccyx ?

A

4 fused 1 big

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9
Q

What is the Skull made of ?

A
  1. Cranium

2. Mandible

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10
Q

What is the Cranium made of?

A
  1. Calvary

2. facial selection

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11
Q

In the Calvary which bones are paired?

A
  1. partial bone

2. Temporal bone

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12
Q

What part of the skull can you see in a superior view ?

A
  1. frontal
  2. occipital
  3. parietal
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13
Q

What are the 3 main sutures in the superior view?

A
  1. coronal
  2. sagital
  3. lambdoidal
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14
Q

what are sutures ?

A

dense flexible tissue that fills in the gap tissue provides flexibility / movement of the skull

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15
Q

Which part of the skull doesn’t have sutures?

A

Mandible

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16
Q

What age does the sutures become less flexible ?

A

30 -35

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17
Q

What 2 structures make the hard palate ?

A
  1. palatine process

2. palatine bone

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18
Q

What 2 structures make the zygomatic arch?

A
  1. zygomatic bone

2. temporal bone

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19
Q

what is fontanel?

A

big structure between the bones giving lots of flexibility

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20
Q

Infant skull comparison ?

A
  1. sutures are flexible

2. make it possible for them to go through the birth canal

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21
Q

how long do these sutures stay soft for?

A

2 years

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22
Q

what are the main two sutures in an infants skull?

A
  1. frontal fontanel

2. occipital fontanel

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23
Q

In the skull base what are the 3 regions of the skull?

A
  1. anterior
  2. middel
  3. posterior
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24
Q

what happens in the Cribriform palate ?

A

old factory nerves come outside of brain

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25
Q

what is a Foramen?

A

hole in the skull that has nerves and blood go through

26
Q

What are 3 most important Foramens?

A
  1. Foramen rotundum
  2. foramen ovale
  3. Foramen Spinosum
27
Q

what travels through the Foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, Foramen Spinosum?

28
Q

what foramen has the spinal cord traveling through ?

A

Foramen magnum

29
Q

In the Anterior region what is a sensitive bone?

A

Ethmoid bone

30
Q

what 2 structures make Ethmoid bone?

A
  1. cristal grilla

2. cribriform palate

31
Q

where is the Ethmoid bone?

A

upper palate barrier between nasal cavity and brain

32
Q

what could happen if the Ethmoid bone was fractured ?

A

brain would leak CSF into the nasal cavity leading to infection

33
Q

what are Meninges?

A

another layer of perfection

34
Q

what are the 3 most important layers of the Meninges?

A
  1. Dura
  2. Arachnoid
  3. Pia
35
Q

Dura ?

A

Most outside layer

36
Q

what are the 3 main part of the Dura?

A
  1. flax Cerebri
  2. Tentorium Cerebelli
  3. flax Cerebelli
37
Q

what is the flax Cerebri ?

A

Separates the two hemispheres of the brain left and right

posterior / anterior

38
Q

what is the Tentorium Cerebelli ?

A

It separates the brain occipital lobe from above

39
Q

what its the flax Cerebelli ?

A

I separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

40
Q

Where are sinuses?

A

placed where the Durra is not connected

41
Q

Arachnoid ?

A

thin neurovascular membrane between the Dura and the PIA

Flexible tissue that protects the brain

42
Q

What doe the Arachnoid contain?

A

Subarachnoid space

43
Q

what is Subarachnoid space ?

A

CSF travels through this space

44
Q

what is the Pia ?

A

thin vascular layer immediately attached to the brain

sticky

45
Q

what is a real space?

A
  1. in normal situation the space still exist
46
Q

what is a potential space?

A

I and normal situation there is not a space

47
Q

when does a potential space happen?

A

It does can develop when a pathology happens

48
Q

what is an example of real space?

A

I subarachnoid space because the space is filled with SF

49
Q

what are 2 example of potential spaces?

A
  1. “Epidural space

2. subdural space

50
Q

And what could cause the epidural space to become a potential space ?

A

If the middle Meningeal artery ruptures

51
Q

what happens if the middle Meningeal artery ruptures ?

A

I blood will fill up causing an epidural hematoma

Oh and these are pretty easy to see because they’re in very specific places in the skull

52
Q

subdural hematoma ?

A

I tearing of bridging veins due to trauma.

Play accumulation of Venice blood between the Dura and arachnoid

53
Q

what is a subarachnoid I hematoma?

A

I accumulation of blood in the CSF filled space

54
Q

what is the function of CSF?

A

Are watery fluid that helps protect the brain

55
Q

How much CSF is made every day?

A

300 to 400 mL

56
Q

I what are four main ways CFS protects the brain ?

A
  1. cushioning
  2. Removal of waste
  3. Nourishing
  4. Are reduction of weight
57
Q

I where is CSF produced in the brain?

A

ventricles

58
Q

And what are the four ventricles were CSF is produced ?

A
  1. Left lateral
  2. Right lateral
  3. third
  4. fourth
59
Q

what is Aqueduct ?

A

connect the third and fourth

60
Q

Choroid plexus ?

A

cell inside the ventricle that produces CSF

61
Q

what is hydrocephalus ?

A

too much CSF yes in cranial cavity

62
Q

how do you get hydrocephalus?

A

production > absorption

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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