The Hip + Gluteal Region + Thigh

Question 1

What 3 bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 1

Ischium
Ilium
Pubis

Question 2

Function of foreman

Answer 2

Neurovascular bundles travel through them

Question 3

Borders of the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 3

• Inferior: ischial spine + sacrospinous ligament
• Postermedially: sacrotuberous ligament
• Anterolateraly: greater sciatic notch of ilium

Question 4

What structures exit the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 4

Superior + inferior gluteal nerve, artery + vein
Sciatic nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to quadratus femoria
Nerve to obturator internus

Question 5

Borders of the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 5

• Superior - ischial spine + sacrospinous ligament
• Inferior - ischial tuberosity
• Posterior - sacrotuberous ligament
• Anterolateral - lesser sciatic notch

Question 6

Sites for intramuscular injections in gluteal region

Answer 6

Dorsogluteal
Ventrogluteal

Question 7

Who are given infections in the dorsogluteal region and why?

Answer 7

Children 3-7 years old
Easier to administer

Question 8

Who are given infections at the ventrogluteal site?

Answer 8

Children 7+
Adults

Question 9

Why is the ventrogluteal region favoured over the dorsogluteal region?

Answer 9

Further away from the sciatic nerve so less likely to damage

Question 10

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?

Answer 10

Semitendinoss
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (long+short head)

Question 11

Action of posterior thigh muscles

Answer 11

Extends thigh at hip joint
Flexes leg at knee joint

Question 12

Origin of the posterior thigh muscles (not short head of BF)

Answer 12

Ischial tuberosity

Question 13

Innervation of the posterior thigh muscles (not short head of BF)

Answer 13

Tibial nerve L4-S3

Question 14

Innervation of short head of biceps femoris

Answer 14

Common peroneal nerve L4-S3

Question 15

Origin of short head of biceps femoris

Answer 15

Linea aspera of femur

Question 16

Superficial muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 16

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

Question 17

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 17

Ball + socket synovial joint

Question 18

Primary function of the hip joint

Answer 18

Enables mobility of lower limbs without weakening their weight bearing ability

Question 19

Function of the acetabular labrum

Answer 19

Suction affect - increased stability

Question 20

What is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 20

Fibrocartilganous rim attached to margin of acetabulum which increases hip joint stability

Question 21

Ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 21

• iliofemoral
• pubofemoral
• ischiofemoral
• transverse acetabular ligament
• ligament teres

Question 22

List the muscles of the deep gluteal region and their innervation

Answer 22

piriformis - nerve to piriformis
Superior gemelli - nerve to Obturator internus
inferior gemelli - nerve to quadratus femoris
obturator internus - nerve to Obturator internus
Quadratus femoris - nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 23

Action of the deep gluteal muscles

Answer 23

Lateral rotation

Question 24

Describe the layout of the posterior thigh muscles

Answer 24

• SemiMembranosus most Medial
• SemiTendinosus on Top
• bicep femoris most lateral

Question 25

Function of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 25

- protects hip joint superiorly + anteriorly - prevents hyperextension

Question 26

Function of pubofemoral ligament

Answer 26

- protects hip joint anterorly + inferiorly - prevents over ABduction + hyperextension

Question 27

Function of ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 27

- protects hip joint posteriorly (weakest) - prevents excessive internal rotation

Question 28

What factors help stabilise the hip?

Answer 28

- acetabulum + acetabular labrum - capsular ligaments - surrounding muscles - joint capsule

Question 29

Nerve supply to the hip joint

Answer 29

- **posterior**: sciatic + nerve to quadratus femoris - **anterior**: femoral nerve - **superior**: superior gluteal nerve - **inferior**: obturator nerve

Question 30

Blood supply to the femoral head

Answer 30

- medial femoral circumflex artery - artery of ligamentum teres in childhood

Question 31

Branches of the femoral artery associated with the hip joint

Answer 31

- femoral artery > profunda femoris > medial + lateral circumflex artery - LCFA > ascending > rectinacular arteries

Question 32

How does the blood supply to the femoral head change throughout life?

Answer 32

- **artery of ligamentum teres in childhood** before fusion of epiphyseal plate - **retinacular arteries** in adults

Question 33

What muscles cause extension at the hip joint?

Answer 33

- semimembranosus - Semitendinosus - bicep femoris long head - gluteus maximus

Question 34

What muscles cause flexion of the hip joint?

Answer 34

**Iliopsoas** Assisted by rectus femoris, sartorius + pectineus

Question 35

What muscles cause ABduction of the hip joint?

Answer 35

- **Gluteus medius + minimus** - assistant by sartorius + tensor fascia lata

Question 36

What muscles cause ADduction of the hip joint?

Answer 36

- **Adductor longus, brevis + magnus** - assisted by pectineus, gracillis, obturator externus

Question 37

What muscles cause lateral rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 37

**- piriformis - superior + inferior gemelli - obturator internus + externus - quadratus femoris** - assisted by gluteus maximus + sartorius

Question 38

What muscles cause medial rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 38

**- gluteus medius + minimus - tensor fascia lata** - assisted by pectineus + adductor brevis, longus + magnus

Question 39

What ligament of the hip joint is a Y shape?

Answer 39

Iliofemoral