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MSK > The Elbow + Forearm > Flashcards

The Elbow + Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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2
Q

Main movements of elbow

A

Flexion
Extension

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3
Q

Articulation of elbow joint

A

Distal humerus
Proximal radius + ulna

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4
Q

Articulation of humerus and radius

A

Capitulum articulates with radial head

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5
Q

Articulation of humerus with ulna

A

Trochlea articulates with trochlear notch

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6
Q

Articulation of radius + ulna

A

Radial notch of ulnar and radial head

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7
Q

Joint between radius + ulna

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint
Distal radio-ulnar joint

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8
Q

What bone is lateral in the forearm?

A

Radius - lateRal

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9
Q

What are the main ligaments of elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulna collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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10
Q

Where is the radial collateral ligament between?

A

Lateral epicondyle to radius

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11
Q

Where is the ulna collateral ligament between?

A

Medial epicondyle to ulna

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12
Q

Where is the annular ligament?

A

Around the head of the radius

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13
Q

When is the elbow joint most stable?

A

Fully flexed or extended

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14
Q

What features increase stability of elbow joint?

A

Ligaments
Muscles
Bony articulations

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15
Q

What are the main bursae of elbow joint?

A

Subtendinous bursae
Subcutaneous (olecranon) bursae

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16
Q

What is the subtendinosus bursa between?

A

Triceps tendon + olecranon

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17
Q

Function of subtendinosus bursa

A

Decreased friction between triceps tendon + olecranon in flexion + extension

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18
Q

What bursae can inflame on leaning on elbow?

A

Subcutaneous (olecranon) bursae

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19
Q

Borders of cubital fossa

A

**Superficial- imaginary line between lateral + medial epicondyle
Lateral - brachioradialis
Medial - pronator teres

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20
Q

Floor of cubital fossa

A

Brachialis
Supinator

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21
Q

Roof of cubital fossa

A

Skin
Fascia
Reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis

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22
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

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23
Q

Contents of roof of cubital fossa

A

Medial cubital vein
Medial + lateral cutaneous nerve

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24
Q

What is the posterior forearm innervated by?

A

Radial nerve

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25
Q

Muscles in the superficial posterior forearm

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum communis
Extension digits minimi
Extensor carpi radialis ulnaris
Anconeus

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26
Q

Muscles of deep posterior forearm

A

Supinator
ABductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor indicis

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27
Q

Muscles of superficial anterior forearm

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmar longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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28
Q

Innervation of superficial anterior forearm

A

Median nerve
Exc. flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve

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29
Q

Muscles of intermediate anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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30
Q

Origin of superficial anterior forearm

A

Medial epicondyle

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31
Q

Origin of intermediate anterior forearm

A

Medial epicondyle

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32
Q

Innervation of intermediate anterior forearm

A

Median nerve

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33
Q

Muscles of deep anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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34
Q

Innervation of deep anterior forearm

A

Anterior interosseous brand of median nerve
Exc. ulnar head of FDP - ulnar nerve

35
Q

Origin of deep anterior forearm

A

Interosseous membrane

36
Q

Three posterior muscles of forearm to wrist

A

wrist - carpi
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radlias brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

37
Q

Three posterior muscles of forearm to fingers

A

Extensor digitorum communis
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi

38
Q

Three posterior forearm muscles to thumb

A

thumb - pollicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
ABductor pollicis longus

39
Q

Three posterior forearm muscles that don’t go to wrist, fingers or thumb

A

Brachioradialis
Supinator
Anconeus

40
Q

What muscles allow elbow flexion?

A

Those with cross elbow joint
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Brachialais

41
Q

What muscles allow elbow extension ?

A

Triceps brachii
Anconeus assists

42
Q

What muscles allow for pronation of forearm?

A

Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres

43
Q

What muscles allow for supination of forearm?

A

Supinator - without resistance
Biceps brachii - with resistance

44
Q

What muscle allow supination of forearm without resistance?

45
Q

What muscle allows for supination of forearm with resistance?

A

Biceps brachii

46
Q

What muscles allow for wrist flexion?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor digitorum superficialis

Assisted by palmar longus + flexor digitorum profundus

47
Q

Where is the common flexor origin?

A

Medial epicondyle

48
Q

Where is the common extensor origin?

A

Lateral epicondyle

49
Q

Action of pronator teres

A

Pronates forearm

50
Q

Action of flexor carpi radialis

A

Wrist flex ion
Wrist ABduction
(Ds not together - raDialis, aBduction)

51
Q

Action of palmaris longus

A

Weak wrist flexor

52
Q

Why is palmaris longus being a weak wrist flexor important?

A

Can be used for tendon grafting in reconstructive grafting without producing a defunctional defect

53
Q

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Wrist flexion
Wrist ADduction

54
Q

Action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes MCPJ of 4 fingers
Flexes PIPJ of 4 fingers
Wrist flexion

55
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Base of middle phalanges of 4 fingers

56
Q

Action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes MCPJ of 4 fingers
Flexes DIPJ of 4 fingers
Assists wrist flexion

57
Q

Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Base of distal phalanges of 4 fingers

58
Q

Insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

59
Q

Action of flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes IPJ + MCPJ of thumb

60
Q

Action of pronate quadratus

A

Pronation of forearm

61
Q

What muscles allow wrist extension?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Assisted by extensor digiti minimi

62
Q

Action of brachioradialis

A

Flexes elbow in neutral position
Exists flexion in supinated position

63
Q

Action of extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis

A

Wrist extension
ABduction

64
Q

What muscles originate from the common extensor origin?

A

Lateral epicondyle

Extensor radialis brevis (not longus)
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

65
Q

Action of extensor digitorum

A

Extends MCPJ + IPJ of 4 fingers

66
Q

Insertion of extensor digitorum

A

Extensor hood of 4 fingers

67
Q

What is the junctures tendium?
What is its function?

A

Fibrous band linking tendons of extensor digitorum
Prevents full extension of middle + ring finger if others are flexed

68
Q

Action of extensor digiti minimi

A

Extends little fingers
Assists in wrist extension

69
Q

Insertion of extensor digiti minimi

A

Extensor hood of little finger

70
Q

Action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Wrist extension
ADduction

71
Q

Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Base of 5th metacarpal

72
Q

Action of Anconeus

A

Assists triceps in elbow extension
ABducts ulna in pronation - prevents joint capsule impingement

73
Q

Innervation of deep posterior forearm

A

Posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve
Exc. Supinator - deep branch of radial nerve

74
Q

Origin of deep posterior forearm

A

Interosseous membrane + another
Exc. Supinator

75
Q

Action of Supinator

A

Supinates forearm without resistance e

76
Q

Action of ABductor pollicis longus

A

ABducts thumb

77
Q

Insertion of ABductor pollicis longus

A

Lateral side of base of 1st metacarpal

78
Q

Action of extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends all joints of thumb

79
Q

Insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

Distal phalanx of thumb

80
Q

Action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends CMCJ + MCPJ of thumb

81
Q

Insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

82
Q

Action of extensor indicis

A

Extends index finger

83
Q

Insertion of extensor indicis

A

Extensor hood of index finger

MSK (25 decks)

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