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The Elbow + Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Hinge type synovial joint

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2
Q

Main movements of elbow

A

Flexion
Extension

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3
Q

Articulation of elbow joint

A

Distal humerus
Proximal radius + ulna

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4
Q

Articulation of humerus and radius

A

Capitulum articulates with radial head

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5
Q

Articulation of humerus with ulna

A

Trochlea articulates with trochlear notch

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6
Q

Articulation of radius + ulna

A

Radial notch of ulnar and radial head

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7
Q

Joint between radius + ulna

A

Proximal radio-ulnar joint
Distal radio-ulnar joint

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8
Q

What bone is lateral in the forearm?

A

Radius - lateRal

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9
Q

What are the main ligaments of elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulna collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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10
Q

Where is the radial collateral ligament between?

A

Lateral epicondyle to radius

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11
Q

Where is the ulna collateral ligament between?

A

Medial epicondyle to ulna

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12
Q

Where is the annular ligament?

A

Around the head of the radius

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13
Q

When is the elbow joint most stable?

A

Fully flexed or extended

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14
Q

What features increase stability of elbow joint?

A

Ligaments
Muscles
Bony articulations

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15
Q

What are the main bursae of elbow joint?

A

Subtendinous bursae
Subcutaneous (olecranon) bursae

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16
Q

What is the subtendinosus bursa between?

A

Triceps tendon + olecranon

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17
Q

Function of subtendinosus bursa

A

Decreased friction between triceps tendon + olecranon in flexion + extension

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18
Q

What bursae can inflame on leaning on elbow?

A

Subcutaneous (olecranon) bursae

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19
Q

Borders of cubital fossa

A

**Superficial- imaginary line between lateral + medial epicondyle
Lateral - brachioradialis
Medial - pronator teres

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20
Q

Floor of cubital fossa

A

Brachialis
Supinator

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21
Q

Roof of cubital fossa

A

Skin
Fascia
Reinforced by bicipital aponeurosis

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22
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A

Bicipital aponeurosis

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23
Q

Contents of roof of cubital fossa

A

Medial cubital vein
Medial + lateral cutaneous nerve

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24
Q

What is the posterior forearm innervated by?

A

Radial nerve

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25
Muscles in the superficial posterior forearm
Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum communis Extension digits minimi Extensor carpi radialis ulnaris Anconeus
26
Muscles of deep posterior forearm
Supinator ABductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor indicis
27
Muscles of superficial anterior forearm
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmar longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
28
Innervation of superficial anterior forearm
Median nerve Exc. flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve
29
Muscles of intermediate anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
30
Origin of superficial anterior forearm
Medial epicondyle
31
Origin of intermediate anterior forearm
Medial epicondyle
32
Innervation of intermediate anterior forearm
Median nerve
33
Muscles of deep anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
34
Innervation of deep anterior forearm
Anterior interosseous brand of median nerve Exc. ulnar head of FDP - ulnar nerve
35
Origin of deep anterior forearm
Interosseous membrane
36
Three posterior muscles of forearm to wrist
**wrist - carpi** Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radlias brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris
37
Three posterior muscles of forearm to fingers
Extensor digitorum communis Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi
38
Three posterior forearm muscles to thumb
**thumb - pollicis** Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis ABductor pollicis longus
39
Three posterior forearm muscles that don’t go to wrist, fingers or thumb
Brachioradialis Supinator Anconeus
40
What muscles allow elbow flexion?
Those with cross elbow joint Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Brachialais
41
What muscles allow elbow extension ?
Triceps brachii Anconeus assists
42
What muscles allow for pronation of forearm?
Pronator quadratus Pronator teres
43
What muscles allow for supination of forearm?
Supinator - without resistance Biceps brachii - with resistance
44
What muscle allow supination of forearm without resistance?
Supinator
45
What muscle allows for supination of forearm with resistance?
Biceps brachii
46
What muscles allow for wrist flexion?
Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum superficialis Assisted by palmar longus + flexor digitorum profundus
47
Where is the common flexor origin?
Medial epicondyle
48
Where is the common extensor origin?
Lateral epicondyle
49
Action of pronator teres
Pronates forearm
50
Action of flexor carpi radialis
Wrist flex ion Wrist ABduction (Ds not together - raDialis, aBduction)
51
Action of palmaris longus
Weak wrist flexor
52
Why is palmaris longus being a weak wrist flexor important?
Can be used for tendon grafting in reconstructive grafting without producing a defunctional defect
53
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
Wrist flexion Wrist ADduction
54
Action of flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexes MCPJ of 4 fingers Flexes PIPJ of 4 fingers Wrist flexion
55
Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
Base of middle phalanges of 4 fingers
56
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes MCPJ of 4 fingers Flexes DIPJ of 4 fingers Assists wrist flexion
57
Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus
Base of distal phalanges of 4 fingers
58
Insertion of flexor pollicis longus
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
59
Action of flexor pollicis longus
Flexes IPJ + MCPJ of thumb
60
Action of pronate quadratus
Pronation of forearm
61
What muscles allow wrist extension?
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Assisted by extensor digiti minimi
62
Action of brachioradialis
Flexes elbow in neutral position Exists flexion in supinated position
63
Action of extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis
Wrist extension ABduction
64
What muscles originate from the common extensor origin?
Lateral epicondyle Extensor radialis brevis (not longus) Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
65
Action of extensor digitorum
Extends MCPJ + IPJ of 4 fingers
66
Insertion of extensor digitorum
Extensor hood of 4 fingers
67
What is the junctures tendium? What is its function?
Fibrous band linking tendons of extensor digitorum Prevents full extension of middle + ring finger if others are flexed
68
Action of extensor digiti minimi
Extends little fingers Assists in wrist extension
69
Insertion of extensor digiti minimi
Extensor hood of little finger
70
Action of extensor carpi ulnaris
Wrist extension ADduction
71
Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
Base of 5th metacarpal
72
Action of Anconeus
Assists triceps in elbow extension ABducts ulna in pronation - prevents joint capsule impingement
73
Innervation of deep posterior forearm
Posterior interosseous branch of radial nerve Exc. Supinator - deep branch of radial nerve
74
Origin of deep posterior forearm
Interosseous membrane + another Exc. Supinator
75
Action of Supinator
Supinates forearm without resistance e
76
Action of ABductor pollicis longus
ABducts thumb
77
Insertion of ABductor pollicis longus
Lateral side of base of 1st metacarpal
78
Action of extensor pollicis longus
Extends all joints of thumb
79
Insertion of extensor pollicis longus
Distal phalanx of thumb
80
Action of extensor pollicis brevis
Extends CMCJ + MCPJ of thumb
81
Insertion of extensor pollicis brevis
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
82
Action of extensor indicis
Extends index finger
83
Insertion of extensor indicis
Extensor hood of index finger

MSK (25 decks)

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