Pectoral Region

Question 1

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

Answer 1

Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Subclavius

Question 2

What is the most superficial pectoral muscle?

Answer 2

Pectoralis major

Question 3

Origin of pectoralis major

Answer 3

Clavicular head - anterior medial surface of
clavicle
Sternocostal head - anterior surface of sternum
- upper 6 costal cartilages
- aponeurosis of external
oblique muscles

Question 4

Insertion of pectoralis major

Answer 4

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 5

Innervation of pectoralis major

Answer 5

Median pectoral nerve C8-T1
Lateral pectoral nerve C5,C6,C7

Question 6

Action of pectoralis major

Answer 6

ADucts arm
Medial rotation
Flexes arm at shoulder joint

Question 7

Origin of pectoralis minor

Answer 7

3rd-5th ribs

Question 8

Insertion of pectoralis minor

Answer 8

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 9

Innervation of pectoralis minor

Answer 9

Medial pectoral nerve C8-T1

Question 10

Action of pectoralis minor

Answer 10

Stabilises scapula - draws in anteroinferiorly against thoracic wall

Question 11

How does pectoralis minor stabilise the scapula?

Answer 11

Draws in anteroinferiorly against thoracic wall

Question 12

Location of the subclavius

Answer 12

Directly below the clavicle

Question 13

Origin of subclavius

Answer 13

Junction of 1st rib + its costal cartilage

Question 14

Insertion of subclavius

Answer 14

Interior middle 3rd of clavicle

Question 15

Innervation of subclavius

Answer 15

Nerve to subclavius

Question 16

Action of subclavius

Answer 16

Anchors + depresses clavicle

Question 17

Origin of serratus anterior

Answer 17

As separate ‘slips’ from lateral aspect of ribs 1-8

Question 18

Insertion of serratus anterior

Answer 18

Medial border of scapula

Question 19

Innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 19

Long thoracic nerve C5,C6,C7

Question 20

Action of serratus anterior

Answer 20

Protracts scapula
ABduction of shoulder >90 °
Holds scapula against ribcage

Question 21

What is the axilla?

Answer 21

A pyramidal space at the junction of upper limbs + thorax

Question 22

Borders of the axilla

Answer 22

Anterior - pectoralis major + minor
Posterior - scapularis
- teres major
- latissimus dorsi
Medial - serratus anterior + thoracic wall
Lateral- intertubercular sulcus
Apex - lateral border of 1st rib
- superior border of scapula
- posterior border of clavicle
Base - axillary fascia + skin

Question 23

Contents of the axilla

Answer 23

Axillary artery + vein
Chords + branches of brachial plexus
Axillary lymph nodes
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps brachii
Intercostobrachial nerve T2

Question 24

What are the 3 routes of leaving the axilla?

Answer 24

-inferiorly + laterally
- via the quadrangular space
- via the clavipectoral triangle

Question 25

Where does the cephalic vein enter the axilla?

Answer 25

Clavipectoral triangle

Question 26

Where do the medial and lateral pectoral nerve leave the axilla?

Answer 26

Clavipectoral triangle

Question 27

What are the axillary lymph nodes?

Answer 27

**APICAL** **A**nterior **P**osterior **I**nfraclaviclar **C**entral **A**pical **L**ateral

Question 28

Outline the drainage of the right axillary lymph nodes

Answer 28

Right subclavian trunk > Right lymphatic duct > Right venous angle

Question 29

Outline the drainage of the left axillary lymph nodes

Answer 29

Left subclavian trunk > Thoracic duct > Left venous angle

Question 30

Where does the axillary artery start and what does it come from?

Answer 30

At lateral border of 1st rib Subclavian artery

Question 31

What are the three parts of the axillary nerve and what are they in relation to?

Answer 31

Pectoralis minor 1st part - proximal to pectoralis minor 2nd part - posterior to pectoralis minor 3rd part - distal to pectoralis minor

Question 32

How many branches do each part of the axillary artery have?

Answer 32

1st part - 1 2nd part - 2 3rd part - 3

Question 33

Branch from the 1st part of the axillary artery

Answer 33

Superior thoracic artery

Question 34

Branches from the 2nd part of the axillary artery

Answer 34

Thoracoacromial artery Lateral thoracic artery

Question 35

Branches from the 3rd part of the axillary artery

Answer 35

Subscapular artery Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior CHA

Question 36

Where do the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries branch from?

Answer 36

3rd part of the axillary artery

Question 37

Where does the axillary artery end and what does it become?

Answer 37

Lower border of teres major Brachial artery

Question 38

What forms the axillary vein and where from?

Answer 38

Paired brachial veins + basilic vein At lower border of teres major

Question 39

What are the superficial veins of the upper limbs?

Answer 39

Mostly cephalic + basilic veins

Question 40

What vein do you take most commonly use for venipuncture?

Answer 40

Medial cubital vein at cubital fossa

Question 41

Where does the cephalic vein run?

Answer 41

Along the pre-axial border Lateral

Question 42

Where does the basilic vein run?

Answer 42

Along post axial border Medial