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MSK > 1 Basic Concepts Of MSK > Flashcards

1 Basic Concepts Of MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major tissue components of MSK?

A

Bones (+joints)
Muscles
Connective tissue

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2
Q

Bone function

A

Support
Protection
Haematopoiesis
Movement
Storage
Metabolic

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle function

A

Locomotion
Posture
Venous return
Heat production - thermogenesis
Metabolic
Continence

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4
Q

Continence definition

A

Control of bowel and bladder

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5
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Tendons: connect muscle to bone
Ligaments: connect bone to bone
Fascia: compartmentalisation and protection
Cartilage: articular - decreases friction
fibrocartilage - shock absorption
- increased bone congruity
Synovial membrane: secretes synovial fluid for
lubrication of joint and tendon
Bursa: synovial fluid filled sac to protect tendons and
ligaments from friction

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6
Q

Synovial fluid function

A

Distributes nutrients
Shock absorber
Lubrication

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7
Q

What is fascia?

A

Sheets on connective tissue

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8
Q

List the 5 classifications of bones

A

Long - levers
Short - act cooperatively in groups for movement
Flat - acts as shield for protection
Irregular
Sesamoid - form within tendons

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9
Q

What are bony prominences?

A

Muscle attachments
If they are large they are important attachments
E.g. greater trachanter - hip joint

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10
Q

Classification of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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11
Q

What do joints do?

A

Connect bone to bone

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12
Q

Association of range of movement and stability in joints

A

Increasing ROM = decreasing stability
^ reciprocally related

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13
Q

Stability meaning in terms of joints

A

Risk of dislocation
Lower stability = higher risk of dislocation

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14
Q

Fibrous joints
Mobility
Where are they found?

A

Collagen fibres joining bones
Very limited mobility
Found where high stability is needed e..g skull, teeth

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15
Q

Cartilaginous joints
Mobility
Where are they found?

A
  • Cartilage ‘glues’ bones together
  • Limited mobility
  • Primary found at growth plates
  • Secondary found in midline of adult body e.g. intervertebral discs
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16
Q

Synovial joints
Mobility
Where are they found?

A
  • bones are capped by smooth articular cartilage with thin film of synovial fluid
  • highly mobile
  • found all over skeleton
17
Q

Articular cartilage defintion

A

Smooth tissue covering ends oof bone at joints

18
Q

Type of synovial joints

A

Plane: two flat surfaces gliding e.g. ankle
Hinge: moves in one plane e.g. elbow
Pivot
Saddle
Condolyoid
Ball and socket e.g. hip joint

19
Q

What are the three features of synovial joints?

A

Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid

20
Q

What is the definition of muscle origin and insertion?

A

Origin: stationary proximal anchor point
Insertion: mobile distal attachment point

21
Q

What can muscles act on?

A

Joints they cross
Relates to orientation of fibres in relation to joint

22
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle pulls whilst shortening
E.g. bicep curls

23
Q

What contraction is it when the muscle pulls whilst shortening?

A

Concentric

24
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle pulls whilst lengthening
E.g. knee extensors when walking downhill

25
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle pulls whilst staying same length
E.g. carrying a load

26
Q

What contraction is it when a muscle pulls whilst lengthening?

A

Eccentric

27
Q

What contraction is it when a muscle pulls whilst staying same length?

A

Isometric

28
Q

What are muscles found in?

A
  • Fascia compartments - muscles are surrounded by deep fascia
  • Same compartment + common innervation and action
29
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A

Parallel
Fusiform
Circular triangular
Pennate

30
Q

What is the reason for slow healing in tendons and ligaments?

A

Poor blood supply
Low water content - harder to diffuse nutrients

31
Q

What creates skin creases?

A

Adhesion of skin to underlying fascia

32
Q

Aponeurosis definition?

A

Flatten sheet-like tendon e.g. in head, abdomen and sole of foot

33
Q

What is hilton’s law?

A

A nerve supplying a muscle associated with joint is sensory to the joint and skin overlying the joint

34
Q

What type of connective tissue is a tendon?

A

Dense regular

35
Q

What type of connective tissue is a ligament?

A

Dense regular

MSK (25 decks)

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