1 Basic Concepts Of MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major tissue components of MSK?

A

Bones (+joints)
Muscles
Connective tissue

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2
Q

Bone function

A

Support
Protection
Haematopoiesis
Movement
Storage
Metabolic

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3
Q

Skeletal muscle function

A

Locomotion
Posture
Venous return
Heat production - thermogenesis
Metabolic
Continence

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4
Q

Continence definition

A

Control of bowel and bladder

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5
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Tendons: connect muscle to bone
Ligaments: connect bone to bone
Fascia: compartmentalisation and protection
Cartilage: articular - decreases friction
fibrocartilage - shock absorption
- increased bone congruity
Synovial membrane: secretes synovial fluid for
lubrication of joint and tendon
Bursa: synovial fluid filled sac to protect tendons and
ligaments from friction

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6
Q

Synovial fluid function

A

Distributes nutrients
Shock absorber
Lubrication

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7
Q

What is fascia?

A

Sheets on connective tissue

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8
Q

List the 5 classifications of bones

A

Long - levers
Short - act cooperatively in groups for movement
Flat - acts as shield for protection
Irregular
Sesamoid - form within tendons

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9
Q

What are bony prominences?

A

Muscle attachments
If they are large they are important attachments
E.g. greater trachanter - hip joint

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10
Q

Classification of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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11
Q

What do joints do?

A

Connect bone to bone

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12
Q

Association of range of movement and stability in joints

A

Increasing ROM = decreasing stability
^ reciprocally related

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13
Q

Stability meaning in terms of joints

A

Risk of dislocation
Lower stability = higher risk of dislocation

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14
Q

Fibrous joints
Mobility
Where are they found?

A

Collagen fibres joining bones
Very limited mobility
Found where high stability is needed e..g skull, teeth

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15
Q

Cartilaginous joints
Mobility
Where are they found?

A
  • Cartilage ‘glues’ bones together
  • Limited mobility
  • Primary found at growth plates
  • Secondary found in midline of adult body e.g. intervertebral discs
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16
Q

Synovial joints
Mobility
Where are they found?

A
  • bones are capped by smooth articular cartilage with thin film of synovial fluid
  • highly mobile
  • found all over skeleton
17
Q

Articular cartilage defintion

A

Smooth tissue covering ends oof bone at joints

18
Q

Type of synovial joints

A

Plane: two flat surfaces gliding e.g. ankle
Hinge: moves in one plane e.g. elbow
Pivot
Saddle
Condolyoid
Ball and socket e.g. hip joint

19
Q

What are the three features of synovial joints?

A

Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid

20
Q

What is the definition of muscle origin and insertion?

A

Origin: stationary proximal anchor point
Insertion: mobile distal attachment point

21
Q

What can muscles act on?

A

Joints they cross
Relates to orientation of fibres in relation to joint

22
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle pulls whilst shortening
E.g. bicep curls

23
Q

What contraction is it when the muscle pulls whilst shortening?

A

Concentric

24
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle pulls whilst lengthening
E.g. knee extensors when walking downhill

25
Isometric contraction
Muscle pulls whilst staying same length E.g. carrying a load
26
What contraction is it when a muscle pulls whilst lengthening?
Eccentric
27
What contraction is it when a muscle pulls whilst staying same length?
Isometric
28
What are muscles found in?
- Fascia compartments - muscles are surrounded by deep fascia - Same compartment + common innervation and action
29
What are the types of muscle?
Parallel Fusiform Circular triangular Pennate
30
What is the reason for slow healing in tendons and ligaments?
Poor blood supply Low water content - harder to diffuse nutrients
31
What creates skin creases?
Adhesion of skin to underlying fascia
32
Aponeurosis definition?
Flatten sheet-like tendon e.g. in head, abdomen and sole of foot
33
What is hilton’s law?
A nerve supplying a muscle associated with joint is sensory to the joint and skin overlying the joint
34
What type of connective tissue is a tendon?
Dense regular
35
What type of connective tissue is a ligament?
Dense regular