1 Basic Concepts Of MSK Flashcards
What are the three major tissue components of MSK?
Bones (+joints)
Muscles
Connective tissue
Bone function
Support
Protection
Haematopoiesis
Movement
Storage
Metabolic
Skeletal muscle function
Locomotion
Posture
Venous return
Heat production - thermogenesis
Metabolic
Continence
Continence definition
Control of bowel and bladder
Connective tissue function
Tendons: connect muscle to bone
Ligaments: connect bone to bone
Fascia: compartmentalisation and protection
Cartilage: articular - decreases friction
fibrocartilage - shock absorption
- increased bone congruity
Synovial membrane: secretes synovial fluid for
lubrication of joint and tendon
Bursa: synovial fluid filled sac to protect tendons and
ligaments from friction
Synovial fluid function
Distributes nutrients
Shock absorber
Lubrication
What is fascia?
Sheets on connective tissue
List the 5 classifications of bones
Long - levers
Short - act cooperatively in groups for movement
Flat - acts as shield for protection
Irregular
Sesamoid - form within tendons
What are bony prominences?
Muscle attachments
If they are large they are important attachments
E.g. greater trachanter - hip joint
Classification of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What do joints do?
Connect bone to bone
Association of range of movement and stability in joints
Increasing ROM = decreasing stability
^ reciprocally related
Stability meaning in terms of joints
Risk of dislocation
Lower stability = higher risk of dislocation
Fibrous joints
Mobility
Where are they found?
Collagen fibres joining bones
Very limited mobility
Found where high stability is needed e..g skull, teeth
Cartilaginous joints
Mobility
Where are they found?
- Cartilage ‘glues’ bones together
- Limited mobility
- Primary found at growth plates
- Secondary found in midline of adult body e.g. intervertebral discs
Synovial joints
Mobility
Where are they found?
- bones are capped by smooth articular cartilage with thin film of synovial fluid
- highly mobile
- found all over skeleton
Articular cartilage defintion
Smooth tissue covering ends oof bone at joints
Type of synovial joints
Plane: two flat surfaces gliding e.g. ankle
Hinge: moves in one plane e.g. elbow
Pivot
Saddle
Condolyoid
Ball and socket e.g. hip joint
What are the three features of synovial joints?
Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid
What is the definition of muscle origin and insertion?
Origin: stationary proximal anchor point
Insertion: mobile distal attachment point
What can muscles act on?
Joints they cross
Relates to orientation of fibres in relation to joint
Concentric contraction
Muscle pulls whilst shortening
E.g. bicep curls
What contraction is it when the muscle pulls whilst shortening?
Concentric
Eccentric contraction
Muscle pulls whilst lengthening
E.g. knee extensors when walking downhill
Isometric contraction
Muscle pulls whilst staying same length
E.g. carrying a load
What contraction is it when a muscle pulls whilst lengthening?
Eccentric
What contraction is it when a muscle pulls whilst staying same length?
Isometric
What are muscles found in?
- Fascia compartments - muscles are surrounded by deep fascia
- Same compartment + common innervation and action
What are the types of muscle?
Parallel
Fusiform
Circular triangular
Pennate
What is the reason for slow healing in tendons and ligaments?
Poor blood supply
Low water content - harder to diffuse nutrients
What creates skin creases?
Adhesion of skin to underlying fascia
Aponeurosis definition?
Flatten sheet-like tendon e.g. in head, abdomen and sole of foot
What is hilton’s law?
A nerve supplying a muscle associated with joint is sensory to the joint and skin overlying the joint
What type of connective tissue is a tendon?
Dense regular
What type of connective tissue is a ligament?
Dense regular
