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MSK > Dermatomes + Myotomes > Flashcards

Dermatomes + Myotomes Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of somites do we have?

A

34-35

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2
Q

What do somites differentiate into?

A

Sclerotome
Dematomyotome > dermatome + myotome

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3
Q

What forms the vertebrae + ribs?

A

Sclerotome

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4
Q

What arises from the Sclerotome?

A

Vertebrae + ribs

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5
Q

What arises form the dermatome?

A

Dermis

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6
Q

What arises form myotome?

A

Muscle tissue

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7
Q

What forms muscle tissue?

A

Myotomes

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8
Q

What forms the dermis?

A

Dermatomes

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9
Q

What do skin + muscles from the same dermatomyotome have?

A

A common spinal nerve supply

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10
Q

Why do skin + muscles from the same dermatomyotome have a common spinal nerve supply?

A

Dermatomyotome develop with a specific neural level of spinal cord + take their nerve supply from neural tube as a spinal nerve

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11
Q

Describe the structure of a nerve

A
  • Each axon is surrounded by endoneurium
  • Many of these together forms a fascicle
  • Each fascicle is surrounded by perineurium
  • Fascicles are grouped + get surrounded by epineurium
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12
Q
  • Each exon is surrounded by ***
  • Many of these together forms a ***
  • Each fascicle is surrounded by ***
  • Fascicles are grouped + get surrounded by ***
A
  • Each exon is surrounded by endoneurium
  • Many of these together forms a fascicle
  • Each fascicle is surrounded by perineurium
  • Fascicles are grouped + get surrounded by epineurium
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13
Q

Name of the blood vessels in the epineurium

A

Vasa nervorum

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14
Q

What is the dermatome at the umbilicus?

A

T10

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15
Q

What dermatome is the groin?

A

L1

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16
Q

What dermatome are the nipples?

A

T4/5

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17
Q

What is the dermatome of the middle finger?

A

C7

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18
Q

Where do spinal cords run through?

A

Vertebral foramen

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19
Q

What makes up the spinal canal?

A

Multiple vertebral foramina

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20
Q

Spinal nerves leave the spinal canal through…

A

Intervertebral foramina

21
Q

Where is the start and end of the spinal cord?

A

Start - Inferior margin of medulla oblongata
End - Conus medullaris at L1

22
Q

Where is the cauda equina?

A

Below the conus medullaris

23
Q

List the spinal nerves and where they exit the vertebral column

A

C1-C7 - exit above corresponding vertebrae
C8 - exits between C7 + T1
T1-L5 - exit below corresponding vertebrae
S1-S4 - exit via 4 pairs of sacral foramina
S5-Co1 - exit via sacral hiatus

24
Q

How many spinal bones are there for each region?

A

Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5 fused
Coccygeal - 4 fused

25
Q

What does the dorsal ramus supply?

A

Deep muscles + skin of dorsal trunk

26
Q

What does the ventral ramus supply?

A

Muscles + skin of upper + lower limbs
Lateral + ventral trunk

27
Q

Each spinal nerve divides off a meningeal branch, what happens to them?

A
  • renters spinal canal via intervertebral foramen
  • supplies vertebrae, ligaments + meninges
28
Q

Define dermatome

A

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

29
Q

Define myotome

A

Group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve

30
Q

Define axial line

A

Junction of two dermatomes supplied from discontinuous spinal level

31
Q

What are the meninges of the spinal cord? From centre out

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura mater

32
Q

How do upper limbs rotate during development?
Where do the pre and post axial borders lie?

A

Upper limbs rotate externally

Pre-axial: lateral side of arm
Post axial: medial side of arm

33
Q

How do lower limbs rotate during development?
Where do the pre and post axial borders lie?

A

Lower limbs rotate internally

Pre-axial: anteromedial aspect of leg
Post-axial: posterior aspect of leg

34
Q

Define a motor unit

A

A single motor neurone + the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

35
Q

Myotomes of the lower limbs

A

L2 - hip flexion
L3 - knee extension
L4 - ankle dorsiflexion
L5 - great toe extension
S1 - ankle plantarflexion
S2 - great toe flexion

36
Q

What is a clinical neural level?

A

Lowest level of fully intact sensation and motor function

37
Q

Outline the embryological development of dermatomes

A

1- CNS develops from paired somites
2- somites differentiate to form dermatomyotome
3- these develop in association with a specific neural level of the spinal cord&raquo_space; associated with specific spinal nerve
4- dermatome portion of dermatomyotome forms the dermis&raquo_space; area of skin supplied by corresponding spinal nerve

38
Q

Myotomes of the upper limb

A

C5 - shoulder ABduction
- external rotation
C6 - elbow flexion
- wrist extension
- supination
C7 - elbow extension
- wrist flexion
- pronation
C8 - finger flexion + extension
T1 - finger ABduction + ADuction

39
Q

Myotome of C5

A

Shoulder ABduction
External rotation

40
Q

Myotome of C6

A

Elbow flexion
Wrist extension
Supination

41
Q

Myotome of C7

A

Elbow extension
Wrist flexion
Pronation

42
Q

Myotome of C8

A

Finger flexion + extension

43
Q

Myotome of T1

A

Finger ABduction + ADduction

44
Q

Myotome of L2

A

Hip flexion

45
Q

Myotome of L3

A

Knee extension

46
Q

Myotome of L4

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

47
Q

Myotome of L5

A

Great toe extension

48
Q

Myotome of S1

A

Ankle plantarflexion

49
Q

Myotome of S2

A

Great toe flexion

MSK (25 decks)

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