The Hand And Wrist Flashcards
What are the carpal bones of the hand?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Proximal row of carpal bone
Radial to ulnar
radial ulnar
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform
Distal row of carpal bones
Radial to ulnar
radial ulnar
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
Articulation of radial carpal joint
Scaphoid + lunate articulates with radius
Where is the main blood flow to the scaphoid via?
Dorsal carpal branch of radial artery
Direction of flow in scaphoid in relation to wrist
Retrograde flow
Flows back towards wrist
Movements of wrist
Flexion
Extension
Radial deviation
Ulnar deviation
Movements of fingers
Hyperextension
Extension
Flexion
ADduction
ABduction
Circumduction
What is AD/ABduction of fingers relative to?
Middle finger
Movements of thumb
Extension
Flexion
Opposition
Retropulsion
Palmar + radial ABduction
Palmar + radial ADduction
What does carpi relate to?
Wrist
What does digitorum relate to?
Fingers
What does pollicis relate to?
Thumb
What is the carpal tunnel?
Narrow passageway on palmar surface of wrist
Function of carpal tunnel
Serves as entrance to palm for numerous tenons + median nerve
Deep border of carpal tunnel
Carpal bones
Superficial border of carpal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)
Attachments of the flexor retinaculum
Lateral - scaphoid + trapezium
Medial - pisiform + hook of hamate
Contents of carpal tunnel
Flexor pollicis longus tendon
Flexor digitorium superficialis tendons x4
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons x4
Median nerve
What is Guyon’s canal?
Semi-rigid longitudinal canal in wrist
Function of Guyon’s canal
Allows passage of ulnar nerve + artery to hand
Why is the ulnar nerve not effected by carpal tunnel syndrome?
Passes through Guyon’s canal which is superficial to flexor retinaculum (superficial border to carpal tunnel)
Where is Guyon’s canal palpated?
Just lateral to pisiform bone
Roof of Guyon’s canal
Palmar carpal ligament
Clinical relevance of Guyon’s canal
Site of ulnar nerve compression
What is the anatomical snuffbox?
Triangular depression on radial aspect of dorsum of hand
What is another name for the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial fossa
What is another name for Guyon’s canal?
Ulnar canal
When is the anatomical snuffbox best seen?
When thumb is radially ABducted
Lateral border of anatomical snuffbox
ABductor pollicis longus tendon
Extensor pollicis brevis tendon
Medial border of anatomical snuffbox
Extension pollicis longus tendon
Proximal border of anatomical snuffbox
Styloid process of radius
Floor of anatomical snuffbox
Scaphoid
Trapezium
Roof of anatomical snuffbox
Skin
Contents of anatomical snuffbox
Radial artery
Superficial branch of radial nerve
Cephalic vein
Where do the extrinsic muscles of the hand originate and insert?
Originated within forearm
Insert within hand
Where do the intrinsic muscles of the hand originate and insert?
Originate within hand
Insert within hand
What are the intrinsic muscle compartments of the hand?
Thenar - thumb
ADductor
Hypothenar - little finger
Central
Muscles in thenar compartment of arm
Flexor pollicis brevis
ABductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Innervation of muscles in thenor compartment of hand
Median nerve
Exc. deep head of FPB - ulnar nerve
Muscles in ADductor compartment of arm
ADducor pollicis
Innervation of muscles of ADductor compartment of hand
Ulnar nerve
Muscles in hypopthenar compartment of arm
Flexor digitorum minimi brevis
ABductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Innervation of muscles of hpothernar compartment of hand
Ulnar nerve
Muscles in central compartment of arm
Palmaris brevis
Palmar + dorsal interosseous
4 lumbricals
Arterial supply to hand
Radial + ulnar artery supply hand via deep + superficial palmar arches
Where can you palpate the ulnar artery?
Anterior to flexor retinaculum
Lateral to pisiform bone + ulnar nerve
Explain the arterial supply to the hand
- Radial and ulnar artery branch into deep and superficial branches
- The corresponding deep or superficial artery anatomy’s to produced the deep + superficial palmar arches
- Superficial palmar artery gives off common palmar digital arteries - supply fingers
- Deep palmar artery supplies radial index finger + thumb
What’s the blood supply to the fingers?
Common digital arteries from superficial palmar arch
What’s the blood supply to the thumb and radial index finer?
Deep palmar arch
What is the main contribution of the ulnar artery?
Supplies fingers
Via common palmar digital arteries
What is the main contribution of the radial artery?
Supplies thumb + radial index finger
Via deep palmar arch
What is the main contribution to the fingers/
Ulnar artery
Via common palmar digital arteries
What is the main contribution to the thumb and radial index finger?
Radial artery
Via deep palmar arch
