The Hand And Wrist Flashcards by Emily Stephens

What are the carpal bones of the hand?

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

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Proximal row of carpal bone
Radial to ulnar

radial ulnar
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform

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Distal row of carpal bones
Radial to ulnar

radial ulnar
Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate

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Articulation of radial carpal joint

Scaphoid + lunate articulates with radius

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Where is the main blood flow to the scaphoid via?

Dorsal carpal branch of radial artery

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Direction of flow in scaphoid in relation to wrist

Retrograde flow
Flows back towards wrist

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Movements of wrist

Flexion
Extension
Radial deviation
Ulnar deviation

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Movements of fingers

Hyperextension
Extension
Flexion
ADduction
ABduction
Circumduction

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What is AD/ABduction of fingers relative to?

Middle finger

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Movements of thumb

Extension
Flexion
Opposition
Retropulsion
Palmar + radial ABduction
Palmar + radial ADduction

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What does carpi relate to?

Wrist

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What does digitorum relate to?

Fingers

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What does pollicis relate to?

Thumb

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What is the carpal tunnel?

Narrow passageway on palmar surface of wrist

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Function of carpal tunnel

Serves as entrance to palm for numerous tenons + median nerve

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Deep border of carpal tunnel

Carpal bones

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Superficial border of carpal tunnel

Flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament)

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Attachments of the flexor retinaculum

Lateral - scaphoid + trapezium
Medial - pisiform + hook of hamate

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Contents of carpal tunnel

Flexor pollicis longus tendon
Flexor digitorium superficialis tendons x4
Flexor digitorum profundus tendons x4
Median nerve

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What is Guyon’s canal?

Semi-rigid longitudinal canal in wrist

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Function of Guyon’s canal

Allows passage of ulnar nerve + artery to hand

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Why is the ulnar nerve not effected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

Passes through Guyon’s canal which is superficial to flexor retinaculum (superficial border to carpal tunnel)

Where is Guyon’s canal palpated?

Just lateral to pisiform bone

Roof of Guyon’s canal

Palmar carpal ligament

Clinical relevance of Guyon’s canal

Site of ulnar nerve compression

What is the anatomical snuffbox?

Triangular depression on radial aspect of dorsum of hand

What is another name for the anatomical snuffbox?

Radial fossa

What is another name for Guyon’s canal?

Ulnar canal

When is the anatomical snuffbox best seen?

When thumb is radially ABducted

Lateral border of anatomical snuffbox

ABductor pollicis longus tendon Extensor pollicis brevis tendon

Medial border of anatomical snuffbox

Extension pollicis longus tendon

Proximal border of anatomical snuffbox

Styloid process of radius

Floor of anatomical snuffbox

Scaphoid Trapezium

Roof of anatomical snuffbox

Skin

Contents of anatomical snuffbox

Radial artery Superficial branch of radial nerve Cephalic vein

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the hand originate and insert?

Originated within forearm Insert within hand

Where do the intrinsic muscles of the hand originate and insert?

Originate within hand Insert within hand

What are the intrinsic muscle compartments of the hand?

Thenar - thumb ADductor Hypothenar - little finger Central

Muscles in thenar compartment of arm

Flexor pollicis brevis ABductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis

Innervation of muscles in thenor compartment of hand

Median nerve Exc. deep head of FPB - ulnar nerve

Muscles in ADductor compartment of arm

ADducor pollicis

Innervation of muscles of ADductor compartment of hand

Ulnar nerve

Muscles in hypopthenar compartment of arm

Flexor digitorum minimi brevis ABductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi

Innervation of muscles of hpothernar compartment of hand

Ulnar nerve

Muscles in central compartment of arm

Palmaris brevis Palmar + dorsal interosseous 4 lumbricals

Arterial supply to hand

Radial + ulnar artery supply hand via deep + superficial palmar arches

Where can you palpate the ulnar artery?

Anterior to flexor retinaculum Lateral to pisiform bone + ulnar nerve

Explain the arterial supply to the hand

- Radial and ulnar artery branch into deep and superficial branches - The corresponding deep or superficial artery anatomy’s to produced the deep + superficial palmar arches - Superficial palmar artery gives off common palmar digital arteries - supply fingers - Deep palmar artery supplies radial index finger + thumb

What’s the blood supply to the fingers?

Common digital arteries from superficial palmar arch

What’s the blood supply to the thumb and radial index finer?

Deep palmar arch

What is the main contribution of the ulnar artery?

Supplies fingers Via common palmar digital arteries

What is the main contribution of the radial artery?

Supplies thumb + radial index finger Via deep palmar arch

What is the main contribution to the fingers/

Ulnar artery Via common palmar digital arteries

What is the main contribution to the thumb and radial index finger?

Radial artery Via deep palmar arch