The Heart and blood Flashcards
What is the purpose of the septum
To separate deoxygenated and oxygenated blood.
2 benefits of a double circulation system
Keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated
Keeps blood pressure high enough to reach all of body
What is a portal system
Vessels do not connect directly to heart
What does the hepatic portal vein connect
Stomach and intestines to liver
What supplies blood to heart muscle
Coronary arteries
What can the brain control about the heartbeat
Speed
What state are the atria and ventricles in at stage 1
Diastole
Are valves open or closed in Stage 1
Closed
What state are the atria in at stage 2
Atrial systole
What valves are open/ closed in stage 2
Tri and bicuspids open
Semilunars closed
What state are the atria in at stage 3
Diastole
What state are the ventricles in at stage 3
Ventricular systole
Are the semilunars open or closed in stage 3
Open
Are the bi and tri cuspid valves open or closed in stage 3
Closed
Average heat rate and range
72bpm
60-100bpm
What is blood pressure measuring
Pressure needed to stop the blood in an artery.
Higher value when taking blood pressure
Systolic pressure
Lower value in blood pressure
Diastolic pressure
Typical blood pressure for a young adult
120/80 mm Of Mercury
How many harmful chemicals in tobacco? Name two
- Nicotine and carbon monoxide
What does smoking increase the risk of
Increased heart rate and blood pressure, likelihood of blood clots in vessels and lung ailments
Name three things that affect the health of the circulatory system and heart
Smoking, diet and exercise
What does the over consummation of fats increase the risk of
Forming blockages in arteries ( especially leading to heart and and brain), possibly causing heart attacks and strokes
What can too much salt cause
High blood pressure
What does obesity cause
High blood pressure and heart attacks
What is the inner layer of arteries and veins called
Endothelium
What is the outer layer of veins and arteries called
Collagen
What is the middle layer of veins and arteries made of? Which vessel has a thicker layer
Muscle and elastic fibre, artery
Open circulatory system
Blood leaves blood vessels and flows around the cells of the animal before re entering blood vessels again
Closed circulatory system
Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels
Blood pressure
The force the blood exerts against the wall of a blood vessel
Valves
Control the direction of the blood flow
Portal system
Blood pathway that begins and ends in capillaries
Diastole
When the heart chambers relax
Systole
When the heart chambers contract
Pulse
The alternate expansion and contraction of the arteries
Plasma
Liquid part of blood
Serum
Plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed
