Endocrine System

Question 1

Hormone and its function for pituitary

Answer 1

Growth hormone

Causes body cells to reabsorb amino acids and form proteins

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Anti diuretic hormone

Causes water to be reabsorbed into the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct in the nephron

Question 3

Pineal

Answer 3

Melatonin

Controls biological rhythms- sleep, ovulation etc.

Question 4

Thyroid

Answer 4

Thyroxine

Controls metabolism

Question 5

Parathyroid

Answer 5

Parathormone

Stimulates release of calcium from bones into blood plasma

Question 6

Thymus

Answer 6

Thymosin

Causes lymphocytes to mature and become active

Question 7

Adrenals

Answer 7

Adrenaline

Helps us respond more efficiently to stress

Question 8

Pancreas- exocrine and endocrine functions

Answer 8

Exocrine- produces enzymes- eg. Lipase digests fats in the small intestine
Endocrine- islets of Langerhans produce insulin which reduces blood glucose levels

Question 9

Symptoms of a thyroxine deficiency

Answer 9

Adults- myxoedema -> tiredness, lack of energy, weight gain

Question 10

Corrective measures of thyroxine deficiency

Answer 10

Adults: thyroxine tablets or iodine taken

Question 11

Symptoms of excess thyroxine

Answer 11

Graves’ disease: Increased metabolic rate- bulging eyes, hunger, weight loss, nervousness, irritability

Question 12

Corrective measures for thyroxine excess

Answer 12

Surgically removing part of thyroid

Question 13

Condition caused by low insulin

Answer 13

Diabetes

Question 14

Cause of diabetes

Answer 14

Failure of islets of langerhans to work properly

Question 15

Symptoms of diabetes

Answer 15

High glucose concentration in blood and urine

Loss of weight, severe thirst , tiredness

Question 16

Treatment of diabetes

Answer 16

Regular insulin injections/ pump

Question 17

Why can insulin supplements not be taken into the digestive system

Answer 17

Would be broken down by digestive enzymes

Question 18

Function of anabolic steroids

Answer 18

Build up protein

Question 19

How are anabolic steroids taken

Answer 19

Tablets or injection

Question 20

Risks of anabolic steroids

Answer 20

Liver and adrenal gland damage , infertility

Question 21

What is feedback

Answer 21

The level of a hormone in the blood affects the production of another hormone or itself

Question 22

What is negative feedback

Answer 22

The correct level of one hormone has a negative effect on a previous step in the cycle

Question 23

What occurs when there is a normal conc of thyroxine

Answer 23

Inhibits pituitary from releasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
No further thyroxine is made

Question 24

What occurs in low conc of thyroxine

Answer 24

Pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

More thyroxine is made until its returns to normal

Question 25

What is essential for the production of thyroxine

Answer 25

Iodine

Question 26

Name and describe a condition caused by the underproduction of thyroxine

Answer 26

Goitre
Lack of iodine in the diet( seafood and table salt)
TSH is produced and is carried in the blood to the thyroid.
Shortage of iodine prevents the production of thyroxine
Thyroid swells

Question 27

What two systems combine to coordinate body responses?

Answer 27

Nervous and endocrine

Question 28

Hormone

Answer 28

Chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where it has a specific effect

Question 29

Exocrine gland

Answer 29

Release their products into ducts or tubes

Question 30

Endocrine glands

Answer 30

Ductless gland that produces hormones, released directly into the bloodstream

Question 31

Why do endocrine glands have a rich supply of blood capillaries

Answer 31

Hormones are transported in the blood