Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormone and its function for pituitary
Growth hormone
Causes body cells to reabsorb amino acids and form proteins
Hypothalamus
Anti diuretic hormone
Causes water to be reabsorbed into the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct in the nephron
Pineal
Melatonin
Controls biological rhythms- sleep, ovulation etc.
Thyroid
Thyroxine
Controls metabolism
Parathyroid
Parathormone
Stimulates release of calcium from bones into blood plasma
Thymus
Thymosin
Causes lymphocytes to mature and become active
Adrenals
Adrenaline
Helps us respond more efficiently to stress
Pancreas- exocrine and endocrine functions
Exocrine- produces enzymes- eg. Lipase digests fats in the small intestine
Endocrine- islets of Langerhans produce insulin which reduces blood glucose levels
Symptoms of a thyroxine deficiency
Adults- myxoedema -> tiredness, lack of energy, weight gain
Corrective measures of thyroxine deficiency
Adults: thyroxine tablets or iodine taken
Symptoms of excess thyroxine
Graves’ disease: Increased metabolic rate- bulging eyes, hunger, weight loss, nervousness, irritability
Corrective measures for thyroxine excess
Surgically removing part of thyroid
Condition caused by low insulin
Diabetes
Cause of diabetes
Failure of islets of langerhans to work properly
Symptoms of diabetes
High glucose concentration in blood and urine
Loss of weight, severe thirst , tiredness
Treatment of diabetes
Regular insulin injections/ pump
Why can insulin supplements not be taken into the digestive system
Would be broken down by digestive enzymes
Function of anabolic steroids
Build up protein
How are anabolic steroids taken
Tablets or injection
Risks of anabolic steroids
Liver and adrenal gland damage , infertility
What is feedback
The level of a hormone in the blood affects the production of another hormone or itself
What is negative feedback
The correct level of one hormone has a negative effect on a previous step in the cycle
What occurs when there is a normal conc of thyroxine
Inhibits pituitary from releasing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
No further thyroxine is made
What occurs in low conc of thyroxine
Pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
More thyroxine is made until its returns to normal
What is essential for the production of thyroxine
Iodine
Name and describe a condition caused by the underproduction of thyroxine
Goitre
Lack of iodine in the diet( seafood and table salt)
TSH is produced and is carried in the blood to the thyroid.
Shortage of iodine prevents the production of thyroxine
Thyroid swells
What two systems combine to coordinate body responses?
Nervous and endocrine
Hormone
Chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to another part of the body where it has a specific effect
Exocrine gland
Release their products into ducts or tubes
Endocrine glands
Ductless gland that produces hormones, released directly into the bloodstream
Why do endocrine glands have a rich supply of blood capillaries
Hormones are transported in the blood
