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LC Biology > Excretion > Flashcards

Excretion Flashcards

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1
Q

Excretion

A

The elimination of waste products of metabolism

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2
Q

Function of renal artery

A

Carries blood high in waste products from aorta to kidney

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3
Q

What is urea made from and where?

A

Amino acids, liver

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4
Q

Function of renal vein

A

Carry purified blood from kidney back to vena cava

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5
Q

Function of ureters

A

Carry urine formed in kidneys to bladder

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6
Q

What is urine made up of

A

Water, urea (nitrogenous waste) salts

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7
Q

Function of bladder

A

Stores urine

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8
Q

Function of urethra

A

Carries urine out of body

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9
Q

What are the pyramids in the kidney

A

Cone shaped areas in the medulla projecting into the pelvis of the kidney

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10
Q

Name the three parts of the kidney

A

Cortex, medulla, pelvis

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11
Q

What is the pelvis

A

Hollow chamber, expanded head of the ureter

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12
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

Back of the abdominal cavity, left kidney slightly higher than right

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13
Q

Give three functions of the kidneys

A

Blood and tissue pH is regulated
Osmoregulation: control of water and salt concentration in body fluids
Elimination of waste

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14
Q

Give a feature of the kidney that indicates that it is an exocrine gland

A

It has ducts

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15
Q

From what blood vessel does the renal artery arise

A

Aorta

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16
Q

Name the three processes that take place in the kidneys and in which part

A

Filtration: outer cortex
Reabsorption: cortex and medulla
Secretion of substances such as potassium and hydrogen ions: cortex

17
Q

What does ADH stand for

A

Antidiuretic hormone

18
Q

What does ADH do

A

Changes the permeability of the collecting duct and the distal tubule

19
Q

When is ADH released

A

High salt or low water levels

20
Q

Where is ADH secreted from

A

Pituitary gland

21
Q

What effect does ADH have on urine volume

A

Decreases it

22
Q

Why should urine not contain protein

A

Protein molecules are too big to pass into the glomerular filtrate

23
Q

Why should urine not contain glucose

A

Glucose should be reabsorbed from the filtrate

24
Q

How does filtration take place in the nephron

A

Small molecules forced out of plasma through glomerulus and into bowmans capsule. Form the glomerular filtrate which contains more water and useful substances compared to urine. Large molecules do not enter the filtrate

25
Q

How does reabsorption take place in the nephron and by what processes

A 
Prox. Convoluted tubule
Most of water: osmosis. 
glucose, amino acids and vitamins: diffusion and active transport. 
Loop of Henle
Water and minerals:descending limb
Salts:ascending loop: active transport. 
Distal con. Tubule
Water and salts
26
Q

What and where is secreted into the blood from the nephron

A

Prox. Tubule: hydrogen ions due to changes in blood pH

Distal tubule: potassium and hydrogen ions

27
Q

Name three ways that the glomerulus is adapted to filter blood

A

High pressure
Large surface area of capillaries
Bowmans capsule only 1 cell thick

28
Q

Three Adaptations of proximal tubule to aid reabsorption

A

Thin walled
Long
Lots of mitochondria for active transport

29
Q

Give three causes of kidney failure

A

Infections
Tumours
Kidney stones

30
Q

Two treatments for kidney failure

A

Dialysis

Transplant

31
Q

What are two excretory products of plants

A

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

32
Q

Where do plants store some wastes

A

Vacuoles

Falls off as dead structures

33
Q

What controls the opening and closing of stomata

A

Guard cells controlled by carbon dioxide concentration

34
Q

What are lenticels

A

Small pores in the stem that carry out gaseous exchange

LC Biology (32 decks)

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