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LC Biology > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

1
Q

3 reasons why food is necessary

A

Source of energy
Make chemicals for metabolic reactions
Raw materials for growth and repair of structures

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2
Q

How many elements found in food

A

14

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3
Q

Name the common elements

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
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4
Q

Elements present in dissolved salts

A 
Sodium
Magnesium
Chlorine
Potassium
Calcium
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5
Q

Trace elements

A

Iron
Copper
Zinc

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6
Q

Four types of bio molecules

A

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins

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7
Q

Elements in carbs and ratio

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Twice as much H as C and O
Cx(H2O)y
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8
Q

Are monosaccharides soluble in water

A

Yes

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9
Q

Are monosaccharides sweet

A

Yes

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10
Q

Are disaccharides soluble in water

A

Yes

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11
Q

Are disaccharides sweet

A

Yes

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12
Q

Name two monosaccharides

A

Glucose

Fructose

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13
Q

Name two disaccharides

A

Maltose

Sucrose

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14
Q

Are polysaccharides sweet

A

No

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15
Q

Are polysaccharides soluble in water

A

Not usually/ not fully

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16
Q

Name three polysaccharides

A

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

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17
Q

Structural role of a carb

A

Cellulose forms plant cell walls

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18
Q

Metabolic role of a carb

A

Glucose broken down in photosynthesis to release energy

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19
Q

Is starch easily digested

Why

A

Yes

Molecules arranged in a chain

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20
Q

Can cellulose be easily digested

A

No
Cross-bonding between molecules
Used as roughage in our diet

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21
Q

Where do animals store glycogen

A

In their liver and muscles

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22
Q

Elements in lipids and ratio

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
No simple ratio. V little oxygen

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23
Q

Structure of a triglyceride

A

One glycerol + three fatty acids

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24
Q

Structure of a phospholipid

A

One glycerol + two fatty acids + one phosphate

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25
Q

Function of phospholipids

A

Important in structure of cell membranes

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26
Q

Metabolic role of lipids

A

Respiration

27
Q

Structural roles (2) of lipids

A

Cell membranes

Heat insulation

28
Q

Elements in proteins

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

29
Q

What are proteins made of

A

Amino acids

30
Q

How many amino acids are in a peptide bond

A

Less than 20

31
Q

What is the next bond after a peptide bond

A

Polypeptide bond

32
Q

How many amino acids are in a protein

A

More than 200

33
Q

How are different proteins made

A

By combining the 20 types of amino acids in different ways

34
Q

Name a fibrous protein and where it’s found

A

Keratin

Hair and nails

35
Q

Characteristics of a fibrous protein

A

Little or no folding
Long fibres
Strong and tough

36
Q

Characteristics of globular proteins

A

Lots of folding

Rounded shapes

37
Q

Example of a globular protein

A

Egg white

Enzymes

38
Q

Amino acids are not stored in the body. What happens to them?

A

Surplus: taken to liver-> urea -> kidneys -> excreted

39
Q

Structural role of proteins

A

Keratin, hair

Myosin, muscles

40
Q

Metabolic roles (2) of proteins

A

Used as enzymes to control reactions

From antibodies

41
Q

Can the body make vitamins?

A

No

42
Q

Name a water soluble vitamin

A

C

43
Q

Name a fat soluble vitamin

A

D

44
Q

Metabolic roles (2) of Vitamin C

A

Helps immune system

Formation of connective tissue

45
Q

Disease caused by Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

46
Q

Metabolic role of vitamin D

A

Healthy bone and teeth formation

47
Q

Disease caused by Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets

48
Q

Two minerals needed by plants

A

Magnesium

Calcium

49
Q

Two minerals needed by animals

A

Iron

Calcium

50
Q

Use for magnesium in plants

A

Form chlorophyll

51
Q

Use for calcium in plants

A

Cell walls attach to eachother

52
Q

Use for calcium in animals

A

Form bones and teeth

53
Q

Use of iron in animals

A

Form haemoglobin

54
Q

What percentage of human body molecules is water

A

99%

55
Q

What % of human body mass is water

A

60%

56
Q

What % of most plants is water

A

90%

57
Q

Why is water essential to life. Three reasons

A

All metabolic reactions occur in it
Basis for transport systems
Environment where organisms can live

58
Q

Name two types of energy transfer reactions

A

Anabolic and catabolic

59
Q

Metabolism

A

All reactions taking place in an organism

60
Q

What do anabolic reactions do

A

Use energy to convert smaller molecules to bigger

61
Q

What do catabolic reactions do

A

Release energy when a complex molecule is broken down

62
Q

Two examples of catabolic reactions

A

Respiration

Digestion

63
Q

Two examples of anabolic reactions

A

Formation of muscle from amino acids

Photosynthesis

LC Biology (32 decks)

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