The Heart

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

In Plaural cavity - Mediastinum - Pericardiac cavity

• 60% to the left
• Basis to the left
• Apex to the right

Question 2

Attachment

Answer 2

EQ, RU:
Sternum –> Pericardium of the heart
= Lig. Sternopericardiacum

CA, SU:
Diaphragma –> Pericardium of the Heart
= Lig. Phrenicopericardium

Question 3

Heart and Pericardium layers

Answer 3

1. Plaura Pariettalis
2. Plaura Mediastinalis = Mediastinum

Inside MEDIASTINUM:
=> PERICARDIUM

1. Pericardium Fibrosum
2. Pericardium Serosum
   - Lamina Pariettalis
   - Cavum Pericardii
   - Lamina Visceralis
   +
   EPICARDIUM
   MYOCARDIUM
   ENDOCARDIUM

Question 4

Sinuses

Answer 4

1. Sinus Transversus Pericardii 
(fascies auricularis)
- Pericardial sprace btw:
AORTA
TR. Pulmonalis
ATRIAL wall

2. Sinus Obliquus Pericardi
   (fascies atrialis)
   - Pouch btw vv. pulmonalis and LA

Question 5

Fascies

Answer 5

1. Facsies AURICULARIS

2. Fascies ATRIALIS

Question 6

Facsies AURICULARIS

Answer 6

Cran/dex - LEFT - Facsies AURICULARIS –> Caud/sin
= Arterial side
. Sulcus interventricularis Paraconalis
- Auricula

LEFT:
2* Auricula (dexter+sinister)
Truncus Pulmonalis - TR. Arteriosus
AORTA
Sulcus interventricularis Paraconalis
Sulcus Coronarius

BOTH:
Basis Cordis
Apex Cordis
Incisura Apicis Cordis
Margo ventricularis dexter/sinister

Question 7

2. Fascies ATRIALIS

Answer 7

Caud/sin - RIGHT - Fascies ATRIALIS –> Cran/dex
= Venous side
- Sulcus interventricularis Subsinosus,
- V.CAVA

RIGHT:
Venae Cavae Cranialis et Caudalis
Sulcus Coronarius
Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis

BOTH:
Basis Cordis
Apex cordis
Incisura Apicis Cordis
Margo ventricularis dexter/sinister

Question 8

LEFT SIDE of the HEART

Functions:

Answer 8

Functions:

• LA recieves oxygenated blood from Tr.Pulmonalis
• LV: Pumps blood to the Systemic circulation.

Question 9

LEFT SIDE of the HEART

Answer 9

• Atrium Cordis Sinister

- Ventriculus Cordis Sinister

Question 10

LEFT SIDE of the HEART

• Atrium Cordis Sinister

Answer 10

• Covered by Auricula atrii sinister
• 5-6 openings of VV. Pulmonalis
• Mm. Pectinati
• Valva for Foramen Ovale (foetal->Septum)

AORTA:
1- Valva Semilunaris Sinistra
2- Valva Semilunaris Dextra
3- Valva Semilunaris Septalis

LV:

• Ostium atroiventricularis SINISTER:
• VALVA BICUSPIDALIS
  1. Cuspis Septalis
  2. Cuspis Pariettalis
• Annulus Fibrosis around.

Question 11

LEFT SIDE of the HEART

• Ventriculus Cordis Sinister

Answer 11

= THICK muscular wall

1. Trabecula Carnea
   - Muscular irregulation of ventricle walls
2. Trabecula septomarginalis
   - Muscular strands septal –> Pariettal
   - -> MM. Pappillaris
3. Mm. Pappilaris
   a. M. Pappillaris Subauricularis
   b. M. Pappillaris Subatrialis
4. Lig. Subarteriosum
   - From Aorta–> Tr. Pulmonalis

Question 12

THE RIGHT side of the HEART

Function

Answer 12

Function:
RA: Recieves blood from systemic circulation
RV: Pumps blood to the lung

Question 13

THE RIGHT side of the HEART

Answer 13

Atrium cordis dexter

Ventriculus cordis dexter

Question 14

THE RIGHT side of the HEART

Atrium cordis dexter

Answer 14

1. Vena cava caudalis
2. Vena. Cava. cranialis
3. Sinus coronarium
4. Fossa ovalis
5. Tuberculum intervenosus
6. Septum interatriale
7. AV-Node
8. SA-Node
9. Auricula Dextra
10. Sinus venarum cavarum
11. OStium Atrioventriculare dextra

Question 15

THE RIGHT side of the HEART

Ventriculus cordis dexter

Answer 15

3* mm.Pappillaris in dog
1. M.Pappillaris Magnus
-> Parietalis and Angulus cusps
-> First you see when you open RV
CA: On septal side, 3* mm
Ru, EQ: On Pariettal side

2. M.Pappillaris Parvi
   - Pariettalis and septalis cups
3. M. Pappilaris subarteriosus
   - Septalis and angularis cups
   - Under truncus pulmonalis (artery)

• Trabecula septomarginalis

Question 16

PERICARDIUM

Answer 16

1. Plaura
2. Fascia Endothoracica
3. Diaphragma
4. Fascia Transversa Abdominis
5. Peritoneum

LAYERS

1. Plaura Mediastinalis
2. Pericardium Fibrosum
3. Lamina Pariettalis
4. Cavum Pericardii
5. Lamina Viscerale
6. Myocardium
7. Endocardium
8. Avoiding area expansion

Question 17

PERICARDIUM

Function

Answer 17

Maintaining heart position
Protection
Lubricate (fluid): decrease friction

Question 18

The hearts own vessels

Answer 18

1. A. Coronaria Dextra
   - R. Interventricularis subsinosus
   - Rr. Septalis
2. A. Coronaria Sinistra
   - R. Interventricularis paraconalis
   - Rr. Septalis
   - R. Circumflexus
   • R. Intermedius
   • R. Interventricularis subsinosus
   • rr. Septalis

Question 19

Impulse-generating system

Answer 19

1. NODUS SINOATRIALIS: (SA- node)
   - At sulcus/Crista terminalis
   - Spontaneous electric activity
   - Depola atrium
   = Atrial Systole
   - Then Exitation spreads
   Pacemaker of the heart, near sulcus terminalis
2. NODUS ATRIOVENTRICULARIS
   - At septum
   in the base of the septal wall of the right
   atrium
3. Bundle of HIS
   contains AV node in its first section, conducts from
   atrial to ventricular, especially papillary mucles

Crus dextrum;
right limb of atrioventricular conducting system, ramifiesinside mm. Papillares of right ventricle as purkinje fibres
○ Crus sinistrum;
left limb of the atrioventricular conducting system, ramifie inside mm. Papillares of the left ventricle as purkinje fibres

4. Purkinje fibers
   - Crus Sinister
   - Crus Dexter