LYMPHNODES Flashcards
The lymphatic system exists of?
1- Lymph vessels ; practically invisible.
2- Lymph centres ; with their specific
3- Lymph nodes
During capillary exchange only about 5 out of every 6 liters of blood that goes through the tissue gets reabsorbed by the veins. The rest enters lymph vessels and goes past CHECKPOINTS (lymph nodes) before it is dumped back into the venous side of the circulation.
The lymphatic system plays a role in?
- Maintaining homeostasis (isovolemia)
- Supporting the immune system by checking the blood for abnormalities and pathogens
Important lymph vessels?
● Cisterna chyli , abdomen, exists of two main vessels
1○ Trunci lumbales , follows abdominal aorta and drains parietal wall of abdomen
2○ Truncus visceralis , follows visceral branches of aorta abdominis
● Ductus thoracicus , drains the thorax, opens near cran. Vena cava
● Ductus lymphaticus dexter , drains the thorax (little bit), head, neck, splits into
● Ductus trachialis dexter
● Ductus trachialis sinistra
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
● Lymphocentrum parotideum :
Near gl. Parotis. Drains cranial regions.
○ Lymphonodi parotidei superficiales
○ Lymphonodi parotidei profundi (inconstant)
● Lymphocentrum mandibulare :
in the caudal half of the regio intermandibularis. Drains
the facial regions.
○ Lymphonodi mandibulare
● Lymphocentrum retropharyngeum : in fossa retromandibularis. Drains the deep structures of the head including nasal structures, larynx, pharynx ○ Lymphonodi retropharyngei mediales ○ lymphonodi retropharyngei laterales (absent in dog, also inconstant)
● Lymphocentrum cervicale superficiale : receives the cervical vasa lymphatica superficialia and drains thoracic limb and thoracic wall.
○ Lymphonodi cervicales superficiales
○ Lymphonodi cervicales superficiales dorsales
○ Lymphonodi cervicales superficiales medii
○ Lymphonodi cervicales superficiales ventrales
Lymphocentrum cervicale profundum (all inconstant):
Chain of lymph nodes along trachea, draining the deep cervical structures. Very active part of the lymphatic
system that communicates with many other parts.
○ Lymphonodi cervicales profundi craniales
○ Lymphonodi cervicales profundi medii
○ Lymphonodi cervicales profundi caudales
Lymphocentri and nodes of thorax and thoracic limb
Lymphocentrum axillare : receives the deep lymphatic vessels from the thoracic limb and the lateral thoracic wall. ○ Lymphonodi axillares proprii ○ Lymphonodus axillares accessorius ○ Lymphonodi cubitales (eq only) ○ Lymphonodi mammarii
Lymphnodes of the thorax and thoracic limb
● Lymphocentrum thoracicum dorsale: along the dorsal aspect of the aorta thoracica.Primarily draining the dorsal and lateral parts of the thoracic wall, diaphragm and
mediastinum
○ Lymphonodi thoracici aortici
○ Lymphonodi intercostales
● Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale : along the dorsal aspect of the sternum. Primarily draining the ventral and lateral thoracic wall, diaphragm and mediastinum.
○ Lymphonodi sternales craniales (ca, eq)
○ Lymphonodi sternales caudales (absent in ca)
○ Lymphonodi phrenici (eq)
● Lymphocentrum mediastinale : located in the mediastinum. Drains thoracic walls and organs.
○ Lymphonodi mediastinales craniales
○ Lymphonodi mediatinales medii (ru, eq)
○ Lymphonodi mediastinales caudales (absent in ca)
● Lymphocentrum axillare : receives the deep lymphatic vessels from the thoracic limb and the lateral thoracic wall. ○ Lymphonodi axillares proprii ○ Lymphonodus axillares accessorius ○ Lymphonodi cubitales (eq only) ○ Lymphonodi mammarii
Lymphocentrum bronchale : drains lungs, heart, pericardium, parts of trachea, eophagus, mediastinum
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales dextri
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales sinistri
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales medii
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales craniales (ru)
Lymphnodes in the abdominal and pelvic cavities and the pelvic limb
● Lymphocentrum lumbale : along aorta abdominalis and v. cava caud. Drains deep layers of abdominal wall and organs of regio lumbalis
○ Lymphonodi lumbales aortici (inconstant in ca)
○ Lymphonodi renales
● Lymphocentrum celiacum : along a. Celiaca and it branches. Drains the intrathoracically located abdominal organs. Receives lymph from thoracic organs. ○ Lymphonodi lienales ○ Llymphonodi gastrici ○ Lymphonodi hepatici ○ Lymphonodi pancreaticoduodenales ○ Lymphonodi omentales (eq)
Lymphocentrum mesentericum craniale : along
a. Mesenterica cranialis and itsbranches. Drains the intestinal organs supplied by those arteries
1○ Lymphonodi jejunales
2○ Lymphonodi cecales (eq)
3○ Lymphonodi colici
● Lymphocentrum mesentericum caudale : at a. Mesenterica caudalis and its branches, drains colon descendens and rectum
○ Lymphonodi mesenterici caudales
○ Lymphonodi vesicales (eq)
What are the lymphocenters?
● Lymphocentrum parotideum : ● Lymphocentrum mandibulare : ● Lymphocentrum retropharyngeum ● Lymphocentrum cervicale superficiale : ● Lymphocentrum cervicale profundum ● Lymphocentrum thoracicum dorsale: ● Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale : ● Lymphocentrum mediastinale ● Lymphocentrum axillare ● Lymphocentrum bronchale ● Lymphocentrum celiacum ● Lymphocentrum lumbale ● Lymphocentrum mesentericum craniale : ● Lymphocentrum mesentericum caudale
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
● Lymphocentrum parotideum :
Near gl. Parotis. Drains cranial regions.
○ Lymphonodi parotidei superficiales
○ Lymphonodi parotidei profundi (inconstant)
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
Lymphocentrum mandibulare
in the caudal half of the regio intermandibularis. Drains
the facial regions.
○ Lymphonodi mandibulare
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
Lymphocentrum retropharyngeum :
In fossa retromandibularis. Drains the deep
structures of the head including nasal structures, larynx, pharynx
○ Lymphonodi retropharyngei mediales
○ lymphonodi retropharyngei laterales (absent in dog, also inconstant)
Lymphnodes of the thorax and thoracic limb
● Lymphocentrum axillare
Receives the deep lymphatic vessels from the thoracic limb and the lateral thoracic wall. ○ Lymphonodi axillares proprii ○ Lymphonodus axillares accessorius ○ Lymphonodi cubitales (eq only) ○ Lymphonodi mammarii
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
Lymphocentrum cervicale profundum (all inconstant):
Chain of lymph nodes along
trachea, draining the deep cervical structures. Very active part of the lymphatic
system that communicates with many other parts.
○ Lymphonodi cervicales profundi craniales
○ Lymphonodi cervicales profundi medii
○ Lymphonodi cervicales profundi caudales
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
Lymphocentrum axillare
Receives the deep lymphatic vessels from the thoracic limb and the lateral thoracic wall. ○ Lymphonodi axillares proprii ○ Lymphonodus axillares accessorius ○ Lymphonodi cubitales (eq only) ○ Lymphonodi mammari
Lymphocentri and nodes of the head and neck
Lymphocentrum bronchale :
Drains lungs, heart, pericardium, parts of trachea, eophagus, mediastinum
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales dextri
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales sinistri
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales medii
○ Lymphonodi tracheobronchales craniales (ru)
Lymphnodes in the abdominal and pelvic cavities and the pelvic limb
● Lymphocentrum lumbale
Along aorta abdominalis and v. cava caud. Drains deep layers of abdominal wall and organs of regio lumbalis
○ Lymphonodi lumbales aortici (inconstant in ca)
○ Lymphonodi renales
