General features of muscles

Question 1

Locomotive System

Answer 1

1. Muscles 
\+ Acessory structures:
2: Tendon-sheats
3: Fascia
4: Bursa

Question 2

Muscle Function

Answer 2

1. Move parts of body, or body as a whole
2. Form wall of body cavity
3. Support Visceral function:
   - Respiration
   - Abd

Question 3

Types of muscles

Answer 3

1. VISCERAL
   - Wall of hollow organs
   - Blood vessels
   - Glandular Ducts
   = SMOOTH Muscle
2. CARDIAC
3. SKELLETAL
   - Locomotor apparatus
   = STRIATED MUSCLE

Question 4

Parts of Skelletal M:

Answer 4

1. Point of Origin
   - Punctum Fixum
   Proximal
   Usally fixed
2. Point of Insertion
   - Punctum Mobile
   Distal
   Attached to part with greater mobility
3. Muscle Belly
   = Fleshy Part, Head
   Ventrally
4. Tendon
   - Tendo
   Not always pressent

Question 5

SHAPES

Answer 5

1. STRAP: M. Planus
2. SPINDLE: M. Fusiformis
3. PENNATE MUSCLE
   a. LONG FIBERED
   - Unipinnate
   - Bipinnate

b. SHORT FIBERED:
- Bipennate
- Quadripennate

4. WIDE MUSCLES
5. With tendinous structures
6. With Apponeurosis
7. SPHINCHTER
8. CIRCULAR M.
   - Obicularis
9. 2-BELLIED M,
   - M. Biventer
   8: 2-Headed M:
   - M. Biceps
   9: Single Headed
   - M. Fusiforme
   10: Unipinnate
10. Multipinnate

Question 6

MUSCULAR RUDIMENTARY FEATURES

Connective Tissue Element

Answer 6

1. PERIMYSIUM
   - Covering muscles
   - Manny vessels and nerves
   - Facilliate internal movement during activity
2. EPIMYSIUM
   - Separing Parts
   - Surround all muscle fibers bundles
3. ENDOMYSIUM
   - Small CT

Question 7

MUSCULAR RUDIMENTARY FEATURES

FASCIA

Answer 7

= EXTENSIVE SHEAT of CT btw SKIN and DEEPER STRUCTURES
= Faciliates movement.

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA:

1. Fascia Capitis Superficiale
   - Masseterica
   - Temporalis superficialis
   - Frontalis
2. Fascia Cervicalis superficialis
   - Lig. Nucheae to Ventral neck
   - EQ+RU : 2 layers
3. Fascia Trunci Superficialis
   - Shoulder –> Gluteal region with abd. muscles
4. Fascia FL: Brachii + Antebrachii
5. Fascia HL: Latae + Cruris

Question 8

TENDONS

Answer 8

= Acts as passive tension bands

• For Spindle M: Tendon
• For Flat M: Apponeurosis

TENDON SHEETS:
= VAGINA TENDINIS
DOUBLE layered
1. Synovia
2. Fibrous
= Lubricates

= SMOOTH SLIDING OVER BONES

Question 9

CUTANEOUS MUSCLES

HEAD

Answer 9

1. M. Sphincter Colli Superficialis
   (CAR ONLY)
   - Ventr superficial –> Mandibular space –> Fascia Masseterica
2. M. Cutaneus Fasciei
   ca, su: In contact with PLATYSIMA
   Ru, EQ: INDEPENDENT
   Over M.masseter –> Lips Commisure
3. M. Sphincter Colli Profundus
   - Flat fibers transverssally
   - Under PLATYSSIMA –> LAt surface of head and neck
4. M. Frontalis (RU)
   - Fibers from M. Sphicter Colli profundus

Question 10

CUTANEOUS MUSCLES

NECK

Answer 10

1. Sphincter Colli superficialis, CAR ++
2. Platyssima (car,su)
   - Nucheal and dorsal region –> Fascia
3. Sphincter colli profundus
4. Cutaneus Colli Profundus CAR=Ø

Question 11

CUTANEOUS MUSCLES

TRUNK

Answer 11

1. Cuttaneus Trunchii
   Car: Larger
   - Part of pectoralis profundus
2. Cuttaneus Omobrachialis
   Base scapula –> Elbow
   Fibers caudodors
3. PraePutialis E=Ø
   Cran: Pulls prepuce forward
   Caud: Retracts
4. Mm Supramammarii (CAR)
   - Cran = Xiphoid
   - Caud: Surface of vulva
   Inguinal mammary gland.
   = ILIUM