Hoof and Horn

Question 1

Horn

Answer 1

● The hoofs of newborn piglets, foals, calves, and lambs are covered with a deciduous horn capsule to protect the mothers uterus and birth canal during parturition

● This deciduous horn capsule falls off a few days after birth, the permanent horn
capsule fully formed underneath

● The horn (stratum corneum) consists of densely packed completely keratinised cells

● Horn quality is largely dependent on water content

Question 2

Hoof composed of?

Answer 2

Horny enclosure of the distal phalanx (capsula ungularis)
● Two main parts
○ Wall ( paries corneus, lamina)
○ Base surface ( facies solearis )

● Wall
○ Made of
○ Perioplic segment
○ Coronary segment (corona)
○ Wall segment (paries)
○ Corresponds to the nail in primates

○ Has the following layers, out to in
■ Stratum externum (eponychium)
■ Stratum medium (mesonychium)
■ Stratum internment (hyponychium)
● Base surface ( facies solearis )

○ Formed by the distal part of the wall that contacts the ground

○ Stratum internet of the wall is termed the white line and forms a flexible layer
that unites the horn of the wall and the sole

○ Sole
■ Parts that contact the ground
 ( facies contactus )
■ Parts that do not contact the ground 
( facies fornicis )

Question 3

Horn (cornu) parts/composed of

Answer 3

● Bony core enclosed in a modification of the common integument, the horn sheath
1● Processus cornualis : skeletal component of the horn
2● Hairless and glandless modification of the common integument covers the ridged and porous surface of the cornual process
● Epidermis is heavily cornified and form horn sheath
● Horn
○ Basis cornus
○ Corpus cornus
○ Apex cornus

Question 4

Special about Otto?

Horn (cornu) parts/composed of

Answer 4

Ruminants
○ Continuous growth in the horns since birth
○ Usually both sexes, male horns usually bigger
○ Size and shape strongly characteristic for the breed, age and gender

Question 5

Lymphatic drainage and innervation

Answer 5

● The horns drain into the parotid lymph node
● Innervation supplied mainly by the cornual branch of the zygomaticotemporal
nerve , a division of the trigeminal nerve

● This branch is commonly anasthesized for dehorning