the heart Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which wall of the heart is thickest and why?
A
  • myocardium in the left ventricle

- it needs to be able to push blood out of the heart and into the rest of the body through the systemic pump

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2
Q
  1. What part of the heart is the pacemaker and why?
A
  • SA node (sinus)

- creates electrical impulses that monitor heart rate

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3
Q
  1. Where is the SA node located?
A

right atrium

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4
Q

systolic

A
  • number on top of the blood pressure

- the amount of pressure on the atrias during systole

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5
Q

diostolic

A
  • the bottom number

- pressure during diastole

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6
Q
  1. List the path of blood through the heart. Which side is oxygenated and deoxygenated?
A
  • inferior and superior vena cava
  • right atrium
  • tricuspid
  • right ventricle
  • pulmonary valve
  • pulmonary trunk
  • pulmonary artery
  • lungs/ capillary beds
  • pulmonary viens
  • left atrium
  • mitral valve
  • left ventrical
  • aortic valve
  • aortic arch
  • aortic artery
  • systemic artery
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7
Q
  1. Explain what is happening when the A/V valves are closing?
A
  • the atria are emptying
  • “lub”
  • ventricles are filling
  • semilunar valves are opening
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8
Q
  1. Explain what is happening When the semi lunar valves are closing?
A
  • the atria are filling with blood
  • ventricles are contracting’
  • av valves are closing
  • “dub”
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9
Q
  1. What is the term for the lack of oxygen to the body
A

-hypoxia

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10
Q
  1. How is the lumen different in the arteries and veins
A
  • arteries have high pressure so walls are thicker
  • arteries have a smaller lumen
  • veins have less pressure so lumen is larger and muscle is thinner
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11
Q
  1. What is the structure for the layers of the heart wall?
A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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12
Q

define chordae tendineae. Function?

A
  • fiborous strands that attach valves to the heart

- pulls the AV valves shut to create the lub sound

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13
Q
  1. What are the functions of the valves of the heart?
A

-prevent back flow

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14
Q
  1. What is the difference between the apex and base?
A
  • apex is where the structure comes to a point

- left ventricle

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15
Q
  1. Heart: Where is it? Between? Size? Lies on?
A
  • center of your chest but tilted a little to the left side
  • size of a human fist
  • lies on the diaphragm (thin sheet of muscle)
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16
Q
  1. List four things that would increase heart rate.
A
  • excersize
  • standing up to quickly
  • eating lots of food
  • heavy breathing
17
Q
  1. As we age (adult +) the heart rate ? Infant heart rate?
A
  • decreases

- up to 170 bpm

18
Q

What is and causes pericarditis?

A

-when the pericardium is inflammed

19
Q
  1. What artery is blood pressure most likely taken from?
A

-bracchial artery

20
Q
  1. What is the normal blood pressure?
A

110/70

21
Q
  1. What is the function of capillaries?
A

-diffusion of gasses

22
Q
  1. What are the layers of veins and arteries?
A
  • tunica interna
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
23
Q
  1. Describe the conduction system of the heart. Know the path the action potential/nerve impulse takes.
A
  • SA node
  • AV node
  • bundle of his
  • bundle of branches
  • purkinje fibers
24
Q
  1. How do you determine cardiac output? What is it? Average cardiac output for adults?
A

-multiply the amount released in on heart beath and multiply the amount of times the heart beats a minute

25
Q
  1. Tachycardia vs. Bradycardia
A

-very fast vs a very slow heart rate

26
Q

myocardial infarction

A

heart attack

27
Q

atherosclerosis

A

build up of fat and plaque

28
Q

uses for an EKG

A

-assess heart rhythm
-diagnose poor blood flow
-diagnose heart attack
diagnose abnormalities of your heart, such as heart chamber enlargement and abnormal electrical conduction