the heart Flashcards
- Which wall of the heart is thickest and why?
- myocardium in the left ventricle
- it needs to be able to push blood out of the heart and into the rest of the body through the systemic pump
- What part of the heart is the pacemaker and why?
- SA node (sinus)
- creates electrical impulses that monitor heart rate
- Where is the SA node located?
right atrium
systolic
- number on top of the blood pressure
- the amount of pressure on the atrias during systole
diostolic
- the bottom number
- pressure during diastole
- List the path of blood through the heart. Which side is oxygenated and deoxygenated?
- inferior and superior vena cava
- right atrium
- tricuspid
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary artery
- lungs/ capillary beds
- pulmonary viens
- left atrium
- mitral valve
- left ventrical
- aortic valve
- aortic arch
- aortic artery
- systemic artery
- Explain what is happening when the A/V valves are closing?
- the atria are emptying
- “lub”
- ventricles are filling
- semilunar valves are opening
- Explain what is happening When the semi lunar valves are closing?
- the atria are filling with blood
- ventricles are contracting’
- av valves are closing
- “dub”
- What is the term for the lack of oxygen to the body
-hypoxia
- How is the lumen different in the arteries and veins
- arteries have high pressure so walls are thicker
- arteries have a smaller lumen
- veins have less pressure so lumen is larger and muscle is thinner
- What is the structure for the layers of the heart wall?
epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
define chordae tendineae. Function?
- fiborous strands that attach valves to the heart
- pulls the AV valves shut to create the lub sound
- What are the functions of the valves of the heart?
-prevent back flow
- What is the difference between the apex and base?
- apex is where the structure comes to a point
- left ventricle
- Heart: Where is it? Between? Size? Lies on?
- center of your chest but tilted a little to the left side
- size of a human fist
- lies on the diaphragm (thin sheet of muscle)
- List four things that would increase heart rate.
- excersize
- standing up to quickly
- eating lots of food
- heavy breathing
- As we age (adult +) the heart rate ? Infant heart rate?
- decreases
- up to 170 bpm
What is and causes pericarditis?
-when the pericardium is inflammed
- What artery is blood pressure most likely taken from?
-bracchial artery
- What is the normal blood pressure?
110/70
- What is the function of capillaries?
-diffusion of gasses
- What are the layers of veins and arteries?
- tunica interna
- tunica media
- tunica externa
- Describe the conduction system of the heart. Know the path the action potential/nerve impulse takes.
- SA node
- AV node
- bundle of his
- bundle of branches
- purkinje fibers
- How do you determine cardiac output? What is it? Average cardiac output for adults?
-multiply the amount released in on heart beath and multiply the amount of times the heart beats a minute
- Tachycardia vs. Bradycardia
-very fast vs a very slow heart rate
myocardial infarction
heart attack
atherosclerosis
build up of fat and plaque
uses for an EKG
-assess heart rhythm
-diagnose poor blood flow
-diagnose heart attack
diagnose abnormalities of your heart, such as heart chamber enlargement and abnormal electrical conduction
