skeletal system Flashcards
of bones in the skeletal system
206
functions of skeletal system
- support/ framework/ shape
- movement/ leverage
- protection (of organs)
- RBC production (red bone marrow)
- storage of minerals (calcium, energy/ lipids, phosphorus)
- endocrine regulation (calcitonin- hormone needed to grow bone)
main bone types
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
short bone
- as wide as they are long
- ex) patella, carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals,
flat bone
- flat plates of bone
- ex) ribs, cranium, sternum, pelvis, scapula
irregular bone
- non uniform shaped bone
- ex) vertebrae, hyoid, mandible, ossicles
sesamoid bone
- specialty bone
- ex) patella
long bone
-ex) humerus, femur, tibia, phalanges
sections of the long bone
- epiphysis (ends of bone)
- diaphysis (the middle section)
- spongy bone
- articulate cartilage (hyaline) lines the end
difference of bone marrow within long bones
- red bone marrow (epiphysis where there’s spongy bone)
- white bone marrow (in the diaphysis- adipose)
tissues of long bones
- periosteum
- endosteum
periosteum
- feeds the bone
- make/ break bone
- isolates bone (around bone)
endosteum
-lines the inside of bone
types of bone cells in order
- osteogenic
- osteoblasts
- osteocypes
- osteoclasts
osteogenic
- early cells (stem cell)
- receive DNA to become bone
- goes to designated location throughout the body
osteoblasts
-immature and makes the matrix (needs nutrients)
osteocytes
-mature bone cells
-osteoclasts
-fix matrixes (keep bones from becoming too thick)
what makes the matrix of the bone solid
- calcium carbonate
- calcium phosphate
two divisions of the skeletal system
- axial
- appendicular
largest bone in body
-femur
smallest bone in body
-stapes (part of the ossicles)
examples of bone protecting organs
- rib cage for lungs and heart
- vertabrae for spinal cord
- cranium for brain
link between integumentary and skeletal system
-absorption of vitamin d by the integumentary system causes the absorption of calcium
foramen
a hole in bone
fontanel
- space between the bones in skull in an infant or fetus
- ossification has not completed and the sutures not fully formed.
calcification
- accumulation of calcium salts
- formation of bone
spina bifida
- incomplete closing of lamina
- birth defect
- spina cord is exposed to the environment
kyphosis
- forward rounding of the back
- common in older women
- due to osteoporosis weakening spinal bones till the point that they crack and compress
- thoracic
lordosis
- abnormal inward rounding of the back
- pelvic rests on top of the thighs
- lumbar
scoliosis
- sideways curve of the spine
- occurs before puberty
- could cause a decreased amount of space in chest which makes it difficult for lungs to function correctly
compound fracture
- comes through the skin
- skin/ bone bleeds
simple fracture
-break inside skin
complete fracture
-bone is in two or more separate parts
incomplete fracture
-fracture that still connects two pieces
closed reduction
-realign and cast
open reduction
-surgery
transverse break
top and bottom pieces
obliquee break
angled
spiral break
- starts at top and spirals down
- caused by catching falls
- caused by grabbing arm and twisting
green stick “break”
- bent bone
- incomplete break
- in young children/ underdeveloped bones
splintered break
- complete break
- many chipped pieces
compression
- tibia and taus
- collide
depression
-cranium bone dents in
hairline/stress fracture
- overuse and weakening of bone
- causes a crack
of bones in axial skeleton
80
of bones in appendicular skeleton
126
