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anatomy & physiology > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

of bones in the skeletal system

A

206

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2
Q

functions of skeletal system

A
  • support/ framework/ shape
  • movement/ leverage
  • protection (of organs)
  • RBC production (red bone marrow)
  • storage of minerals (calcium, energy/ lipids, phosphorus)
  • endocrine regulation (calcitonin- hormone needed to grow bone)
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3
Q

main bone types

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
  • sesamoid
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4
Q

short bone

A
  • as wide as they are long

- ex) patella, carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals,

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5
Q

flat bone

A
  • flat plates of bone

- ex) ribs, cranium, sternum, pelvis, scapula

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6
Q

irregular bone

A
  • non uniform shaped bone

- ex) vertebrae, hyoid, mandible, ossicles

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7
Q

sesamoid bone

A
  • specialty bone

- ex) patella

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8
Q

long bone

A

-ex) humerus, femur, tibia, phalanges

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9
Q

sections of the long bone

A
  • epiphysis (ends of bone)
  • diaphysis (the middle section)
  • spongy bone
  • articulate cartilage (hyaline) lines the end
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10
Q

difference of bone marrow within long bones

A
  • red bone marrow (epiphysis where there’s spongy bone)

- white bone marrow (in the diaphysis- adipose)

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11
Q

tissues of long bones

A
  • periosteum

- endosteum

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12
Q

periosteum

A
  • feeds the bone
  • make/ break bone
  • isolates bone (around bone)
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13
Q

endosteum

A

-lines the inside of bone

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14
Q

types of bone cells in order

A
  • osteogenic
  • osteoblasts
  • osteocypes
  • osteoclasts
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15
Q

osteogenic

A
  • early cells (stem cell)
  • receive DNA to become bone
  • goes to designated location throughout the body
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16
Q

osteoblasts

A

-immature and makes the matrix (needs nutrients)

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17
Q

osteocytes

A

-mature bone cells

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18
Q

-osteoclasts

A

-fix matrixes (keep bones from becoming too thick)

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19
Q

what makes the matrix of the bone solid

A
  • calcium carbonate

- calcium phosphate

20
Q

two divisions of the skeletal system

A
  • axial

- appendicular

21
Q

largest bone in body

A

-femur

22
Q

smallest bone in body

A

-stapes (part of the ossicles)

23
Q

examples of bone protecting organs

A
  • rib cage for lungs and heart
  • vertabrae for spinal cord
  • cranium for brain
24
Q

link between integumentary and skeletal system

A

-absorption of vitamin d by the integumentary system causes the absorption of calcium

25
Q

foramen

A

a hole in bone

26
Q

fontanel

A
  • space between the bones in skull in an infant or fetus

- ossification has not completed and the sutures not fully formed.

27
Q

calcification

A
  • accumulation of calcium salts

- formation of bone

28
Q

spina bifida

A
  • incomplete closing of lamina
  • birth defect
  • spina cord is exposed to the environment
29
Q

kyphosis

A
  • forward rounding of the back
  • common in older women
  • due to osteoporosis weakening spinal bones till the point that they crack and compress
  • thoracic
30
Q

lordosis

A
  • abnormal inward rounding of the back
  • pelvic rests on top of the thighs
  • lumbar
31
Q

scoliosis

A
  • sideways curve of the spine
  • occurs before puberty
  • could cause a decreased amount of space in chest which makes it difficult for lungs to function correctly
32
Q

compound fracture

A
  • comes through the skin

- skin/ bone bleeds

33
Q

simple fracture

A

-break inside skin

34
Q

complete fracture

A

-bone is in two or more separate parts

35
Q

incomplete fracture

A

-fracture that still connects two pieces

36
Q

closed reduction

A

-realign and cast

37
Q

open reduction

A

-surgery

38
Q

transverse break

A

top and bottom pieces

39
Q

obliquee break

A

angled

40
Q

spiral break

A
  • starts at top and spirals down
  • caused by catching falls
  • caused by grabbing arm and twisting
41
Q

green stick “break”

A
  • bent bone
  • incomplete break
  • in young children/ underdeveloped bones
42
Q

splintered break

A
  • complete break

- many chipped pieces

43
Q

compression

A
  • tibia and taus

- collide

44
Q

depression

A

-cranium bone dents in

45
Q

hairline/stress fracture

A
  • overuse and weakening of bone

- causes a crack

46
Q

of bones in axial skeleton

A

80

47
Q

of bones in appendicular skeleton

A

126

anatomy & physiology (17 decks)

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