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anatomy & physiology > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between anatomy & physiology

A

anatomy is the study of the relations of organs while physiology is how they work

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2
Q

what are the levels of organization

A 
different levels of what makes up life
chemical level
cellular level
tissue level
organ level
organ system level 
organism level
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3
Q

chemical level

A

dealing with the smallest stable unit of matter, atoms

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4
Q

cellular level

A

study of the smallest living units in the body, cells

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5
Q

tissue level

A

the tissue is a group of cells working together to perform a function

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6
Q

organ level

A

organs are made of two or more tissues working together to perform specific functions

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7
Q

organ system level

A

a group of organs interacting

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8
Q

organism level

A

human beings

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9
Q

what are the life process

A 
metabolism
responsiveness
reproduction
movement
growth
differentiation
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10
Q

metabolism

A

everything uses energy

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11
Q

responsiveness

A

reacting to different things

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12
Q

movement

A

anything alive moves

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13
Q

growth

A

anything alive grows

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14
Q

differentiation

A

everything is different in one way or another

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15
Q

reproduction

A

needed to create offspring and the next generation

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16
Q

homeostasis

A

refers to the existence of a stable internal environment. it is important to maintain this because the organism depends on it
controlled by nervous & endocrine systems(releases hormones into blood)

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17
Q

what are the needs of living things?

A 
water 
sunlight
air
food(energy)
habitats
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18
Q

what are the planes of the body

A

frontal coronal plane
sagittal plane
transverse horizontal plane

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19
Q

frontal coronal plane

A

separates anterior and posterior potions

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20
Q

sagittal plane

A

parallel to long axis

separates the right& left plane

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21
Q

transverse/ horizontal plane

A

separates superior & inferior portions

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22
Q

what are the different body cavities?

A

thoracic & abdominal

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23
Q

parts of the thoracic cavity

A

pleural cavity & pericardial cavity

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24
Q

parts of the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneal, abdominal, & pelvic

25
Q

what are the two types of anatomy

A

gross & microscopic

26
Q

gross anatomy

A

large structures

27
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

microscopic level (cells & molecules)

28
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

29
Q

diaphram

A

skeletal muscle- help inhalation

30
Q

abdominal cavity

A

stomach, liver, spleen, gull bladder, intestines, pancreas

31
Q

pelvic cavity

A

bladder, colon, reproductive organs, rectum

32
Q

thoracic

A

chest region

33
Q

extrinsic regulation

A

process that results from the results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system

34
Q

antoregulation

A

process that occurs when a cell, a tissue, and organ, or an organ system adjusts in response to some environmental change

35
Q

what is the homeostatic regulatory mechanism

A

receptor to control center, to effector

36
Q

receptor

A

a sensor that is sensitive to stimuli or environmental change

37
Q

control center

A

recieves & processes the information from the receptor & sends out commands

38
Q

effector

A

cell or organ that responds to the command (either opposes or enhances the stimuli)

39
Q

negative feedback

A

a way of counteracting a change

40
Q

positive feedback

A

the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in condition, rather than opposing it (extreme responses)

41
Q

body systems

A

made of interacting atoms that form molecules that combine to form the protein filaments of an organ. the various organ systems mus work together to maintain life at the organism level

42
Q

integumentary system: major organs

A

skin
hair
sweat glands
nails

43
Q

integumentary system: functions

A

protects against environmental hazards
helps regulate body temperature
provides sensory information

44
Q

skeletal system: major organs

A

bones
cartilages
associated ligaments
bone marrow

45
Q

skeletal system: functions

A

provides support & protection for other tissues
stores calcuim & other minerals
forms blood cells

46
Q

muscular system: major organs

A

skeletal muscles & associated tendons

47
Q

muscular system: functions

A

provides movement
provides protection & support for other tissues
generates heat that maintains body temperature

48
Q

nervous system: major organs

A

brain
spinal cord
peripheral nerves
sense organs

49
Q

nervous system : functions

A

directs immediate responses to stimuli
coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
provides & interprets sensory information about external conditions

50
Q

endocrine system” major organs

A 
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
adrenal glands
gonads
endocrine tissues in other systems
51
Q

endocrin sytems: functions

A

directs long term changes in the activites of other organ systems
adjusts metabolic activity & energy use by the body
controls many structural* functional changes during development

52
Q

lymphatic system: major organs

A 
spleen
thymus
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
tonsils
53
Q

respiratory systems: major organs

A 
nasal cavities
sinuses
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs 
alceoli
54
Q

respiratory systems: funtions

A

delivers air to alveoli
provides oxygen to bloodstream
removes carbon dioxide from blood stream
produces sound for communication

55
Q

digestive system: major organs

A 
teeth 
tongue
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
liver 
gall bladder
pancreas
56
Q

digestive system: functions

A

process & digests food
absorbs & converts water
stores energy reserbes

57
Q

urinary system: major organs

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

58
Q

urinary system: functions

A

excretes waste
controls water balance
regulates blood ion concentrations

59
Q

lymphatic system: function

A

defends against infections & disease

returns tissue fluids to the bloodstream

anatomy & physiology (17 decks)

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