the heart Flashcards

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1
Q

partial pressure of CO2 and O2

A

allows exchange

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2
Q

CHD risk factors

A
  • risk factors: age, smoking, gender, stress, exercise, diet, genes
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3
Q

heart attack

A

blockage in a coronary artery > prevents flow of O2 > blood to that area > tissue dies, no O2 reaching it > heart cannot work effectively

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4
Q

what is the process of blood flowing through the heart?

A
  • blood enters from left and right atrium
  • atria contract and blood goes to ventricles
  • ventricles contract and force blood out of the heart
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5
Q

where does the left pump blood?
what adaptation does it have for this?

A

around the entire body.
this is why it has thick muscular walls

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6
Q

where does the right pump blood?

A

to the lungs

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7
Q

adaptations of arteries (2)

A
  • thick muscular walls
  • elastic fibres stretch when blood surges through. they recoil between surges
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8
Q

what do arteries do?

A

carry very high pressure blood from the heart to the lungs

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9
Q

capillaries adaptations

A

very thin walls- short diffusion path.

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10
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

when blood flows through them, substances like glucose and oxygen diffuse into bodily cells. CO2 diffuses from the cells into the blood

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11
Q

what do veins do?

A

carry blood from the organs to the heart (at low pressure)

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12
Q

veins adaptations

A
  • thin wall because of low blood pressure
  • many contain valves that open and close to prevent the backflow/stopping of blood.
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13
Q

what are statins?

A

drugs which reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood

this slows down the rate of fatty materials building up in the arteries

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14
Q

pros of statins

A

proven to reduce the risk of CHD

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15
Q

cons of statins

A

cause liver problems

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16
Q

what is a stent?

A

a metal tube inserted into the artery to keep blood flowing normally

17
Q

cons of a stent

A
  • does not prevent other areas of the artery from narrowing
  • does not treat underlying causes of CHD
18
Q

mechanical valves pros and cons

A
  • risk of blood clots, anti clotting drugs are needed
  • can last a lifetime :)
19
Q

pros and cons of animal valves

A
  • may need to be replaced
  • drugs not needed :)
20
Q

donated heart cons

A
  • not enough hearts for every patient :(
  • patient must take drugs to prevent rejection
21
Q

artificial heart cons

A
  • risk of blood clotting
  • can only be used in short term :(