leaf structure and processes

Question 1

transpiration

Answer 1

the constant evaporation of water from plant leaves

Question 2

xylem

Answer 2

transports water and mineral ions

Question 3

palisade mesophyll

Answer 3

where photosynthesis takes place

Question 4

process of transpiration

Answer 4

1. water evaporates from cells in the leaf
2. then, it diffuses through the spongy mesophyll and exits through the stomata
3. water from the xylem goes into the leaf to replace what’s lost
4. water from root hair cells travels up the xylem vessels into the leaf

Question 5

limiting factor

Answer 5

factor which is in shortest supply, limiting the rate of photosynthesis

Question 6

factors affecting photosynthesis

Answer 6

light intensity
temperature
CO2 concentration
chlorophyll in leaves

Question 7

how do the stomata work?

Answer 7

• guard cells swell and open in higher light intensity, allowing CO2 to enter
  CAN photosynthesise
• they close in hot conditions to reduce water lost by transpiration
  CANNOT photosynthesise

Question 8

factors increasing the rate of transpiration

Answer 8

high temperature, dry conditions,
(evaporation is fast in these)

windy contitions,
(wind removes water vapour, allowing evaporation)

high light intensity
(more photosynthesis)

Question 9

upper epidermis- adaptation

Answer 9

transparent, allowing light through for photosynthetic cells below

Question 10

waxy cuticle adaptation

Answer 10

reduces evaporation of water from the surface of the leaf

Question 11

what is translocation?

Answer 11

the transport of sugars using the phloem tissue

Question 12

adaptation of the phloem

Answer 12

phloem tubes have pores which can transport cell sap long distances