The heart Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the AV valve do

A

The atrioventricular valve prevents back flow of blood from the ventricles to the atrium

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2
Q

What does the SL valves do

A

The semi lunar valves prevent back flow of blood into ventricles

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3
Q

What are the sounds you hear through the stethoscope

A

Opening and closing of AV and SL valves

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4
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac output

A

Heart rate x Stroke volume

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5
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

Refers to the pattern of systole and diastole shown by the heart in one complete heartbeat

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6
Q

What is the SAN

A

Situated in the wall of the right atrium, the Sinoatrial node sends out electrical impulses to direct the heart beat and ensure both atria contract simultaneously.

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7
Q

Where do the SANs electrical impulses go after the atria contract

A

They go to the Atrioventricular node in the centre of the heart.

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8
Q

What does the AVN do

A

the atrioventricular node sends out impulses that travel down fibres in the central wall of the heart and then up through the walls of the ventricles, causing ventricle systole.

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9
Q

How can the SAN respond to different situations and regulate the heartbeat

A

It is connected to the medulla, which regulates the rate of the SAN through the antagonistic action of the autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

What do sympathetic nerves do

A

Release noradrenaline which increases heart rate

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11
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves do

A

Release acetylcholine which decrease heartrate

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12
Q

What is detected by an électrocardiogramme

A

Currents caused by the SAN and AVN impulses

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13
Q

How is blood pressure generated

A

Through the contraction of the ventricles

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14
Q

Where is blood pressure the highest

A

Aorta and Pulmonary Artery

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15
Q

How do you measure blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

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16
Q

What does 120/80mmHg mean

A

Pressure during ventricular systole / pressure at ventricular diastole

17
Q

What does a sphygmomanometer do

A

It’s inflatable cuff stops blood flow. As it deflates gradually is detects a pulse (systolic pressure). Diastolic pressure is detected when the blood flows freely through the artery and no pulse is detected

18
Q

What is hypertension

A

High blood pressure - The prolonged elevation of blood pressure when at rest

19
Q

What is hypertension a major risk factor for

A

Many diseases such as coronary heart disease and strokes

20
Q

What reading is hyper tension determined by

A

Anything greater than 140/90

21
Q

What is hypertension caused by

A
  • Overweight
  • Lack of exercise
  • Diet rich in saturated fats
  • Overconsumption of salt
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Impact of continuous stres