Cellular Differentiation Flashcards
What is cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process by which cells express certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell. This allows a cell to carry out specialised functions.
What are stem cells used for
Stem cells are needed in the body for growth and repair. Stem cells are different from other body cells because they can either reproduce and remain undifferentiated or differentiate into specialised cells of one or more types.
Describe embryonic stem cells
Cells in the very early embryo can differentiate knot all the cell types that make up the individual and so are pluripotent. All the genes in embryonic stem cells can be switched on so these cells can differentiate into any type of cell.
Describe tissue stem cells.
These cells are involves the the growth repair and renewal of the cells found in the tissue they are found it. Tissue stem cells are multi potent as they can differentiate into all of the types of cell found in a particular type.
Give an example of tissue stem cells
Blood stem cells located in bone marrow can give rise to red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes and phagocytes.
Therapeutic uses of stem cells
Involve the repair of damaged or diseased organs or tissues. For example corneal repair and skin grafts.
Research with stem cells
Research uses involve stem cells being used as model cells to study how diseases develop or being sued for drug testing.
Stem cell research provides information on…
How cell processes such as cell growth, differentiation and gene regulation work.
Ethical considerations
Use of embryonic stem cells can offer effective treatments for disease and injury, however, it involves the destruction of embryos
How does Cancer form
Cancer is when the cells of the body divide uncontrollably and excessively. This results in a mass of abnormal cells called a tumour.
Why do cancer cells divide excessively
Because they do not respond to regulatory body signals.
How do secondary tumours form
When cells within the tumour fail to attach to each other, spreading through the body where they may form secondary tumours.
