Blood glucose levels and obesity Flashcards
What is blood glucose levels monitored by
Receptor cells in the pancreas. Controlled with hormones insulin and glucagon.
How do insulin and glucagon act?
Antagonistically
What happens when there is too high a blood glucose level?
Increased released of insulin from the pancreas. This activates the conversion of glucose into glycogen to be stored in the liver.
What happens when there is too low a blood glucose level?
Increased release of glucagon from the pancreas. This activates the conversion of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose.
How can blood glucose levels be raised
The release of the hormone adrenaline from the adrenal glands
What does increased adrenaline release do to blood glucose hormones.
Stimulates the release of glucagon and inhibits the secretion of insulin.
List the three points about Type 1 diabetes
Occurs in early childhood, Unable to produce insulin, treated with regular insulin injections.
IN which people is type 2 diabetes most present
Occurs later in life in overweight induviduals
what is type two diabetes
Individuals are still able to produce insulin but are less sensitive to it. they have a decreased number of insulin receptors in the liver leading to a failure to produce glycogen from glucose.
How do you diagnose diabetes
Urine test/Glucose tolerance test
What is obesity
A major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is characterised by excess body fat in relation to lean body tissue.
What bodymass index is used to indicate obesity
Greater than 30 BMI
How is obesity caused
High fat diets and a decrease in physical activity
How can you prevent obesity
Limit fats and free sugars
Fats - High calorific value per gram
Free sugars - require no metabolic energy expendicture during digestion.
Exercise - increases energy expendicture and preserves lean tissue (muscle)
How can exercise in particular, reduce risk factors for CVD
Keeps weight under control, minimises stress, reduces hypertension and improves HDL lipid profiles.
