Memory

Question 1

What three things do memories include

Answer 1

Past experiences, knowledge and thoughts

Question 2

What are the three stages of memorising

Answer 2

Encoding, storage and retrieval

Question 3

What does sensory memory incoporate

Answer 3

Visual and auditory sensory information

Question 4

How long does info stay in the sensory memory

Answer 4

0.5 to 2 seconds

Question 5

Describe the STM

Answer 5

Short term memory has a limited capacity/memory span of about 7 items for about 30 seconds.

Question 6

How are things lost by the STM

Answer 6

Displacement or Decay

Question 7

How can you increase STM capacity

Answer 7

Chunking and Rehearsal

Question 8

What is chunking

Answer 8

Organising smaller units of information into a chunk. Eg. A phone number

Question 9

What is rehearsal

Answer 9

Repeating information to youself many times. This extends the time it is held in the STM and increases the chance that it will be transferred and encoded into the LTM

Question 10

What is the serial positioning effect

Answer 10

When the first few and last few facts from a string of information is remembered best . First few due to rehearsal (now in LTM) and last few due to still being in the STM (recency effect)

Question 11

What is working memory

Answer 11

It is an extension of the STM. It can process data while held in the STM. This allows the STM to complete simple cognitive tasks

Question 12

Describe the LTM

Answer 12

Long term memory has an unlimited capacity and can hold information for a long time.

Question 13

When does the transfer of info from the stm to ltm happen

Answer 13

Upon successful encoding of the information from the STM. Once in the LTM it is then stored and may be retrieved at a later date.

Question 14

What three things promote successful transfer of information from stm to ltm

Answer 14

Rehearsal, organisation and elaboration

Question 15

What is organisation

Answer 15

WHen info is grouped or categorised in a way that is logical to the learner.

Question 16

What is elaboration

Answer 16

Where the info is given more detail to make it more meaningful and interesting, this makes it easier to transfer to the ltm.

Question 17

What is encoding

Answer 17

The conversion of one or more nerve impulses into a form that can be received and held by the brain.

Question 18

Name the two types of encoding

Answer 18

Rehearsal is a shallow form of encoding and Elaboration is a deeper type of encoding that leads to improved information retention.

Question 19

What are contextual cues

Answer 19

Contextual cues aid the retrieval of information from LTM to STM. It is a signal or reminder relating to the conditions or circumstances that were present at the time and place when the information was encoded into the LTM.