The Guide Ch4 Flashcards
The veterinary care program is the responsibility of the: a. Institution b. Institutional official c. IACUC d. Attending veterinarian
d. Attending veterinarian
True or False: Only the attending veterinarian can conduct any aspect of veterinary care.
False: Some aspects of the veterinary care program can be conducted by persons other than a veterinarian, but a mechanism for direct and frequent communication should be established to ensure that timely and accurate information is conveyed to the responsible veterinarian about issues associated with animal health, behavior, and well-being, and that appropriate treatment or euthanasia is administered.
If dogs and cats are obtained from random sources, the animals should be inspected for _______________.
tattoos or other identification such as a microchip
What organization provides an annually updated list of endangered species? a. CDC b. USDA APHIS c. US Fish and Wildlife Service d. OLAW
c. US Fish and Wildlife Service
Which of the following regulatory bodies provide oversight over transportation and importion/exportation of animals? a. IATA b. USDA c. CDC d. USFWS e. all of the above
e. all of the above
What does CITES stand for?
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
True or False: The US Fish and Wildlife Service regulates movement of CITES-listed species that are captive-bred.
True
What NRC publication provides a review of animal transportation regulations?
Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals
For what reasons is transportation of animals in private vehicles discouraged?
Potential animal biosecurity, safety, health, and liability risks for animals, personnel, and the institution.
List specific conditions (health or otherwise) that may require special consideration for animal transport?
Animals that are pregnant, very young, geriatric, pregnant, have pre-existing medical conditions, recently had surgery, are immunocompromised, and/or are specific pathogen-free. (Also aquatic animals)
________ __________ refers to all measures taken to identify, contain, prevent, and eradicate known or unknown infections that may cause clinical disease or alter physiologic and behavioral responses or otherwise make the animals unsuitable for research.
Animal biosecurity
True or False: Regardless of the source, rodents should always be quarantined on arrival.
False
All newly received animals, regardless of the source, should be: a. quarantined b. conditioned by administration of appropriate anthelmintics, vaccines, etc. c. allowed a period of acclimation
c. allowed a period of acclimation
Name two reasons why physical separation by species is recommended.
1) prevent interspecific disease transmission
2) eliminate the potential for anxiety and physiologic and behavioral changes due to interspecies conflict.
Name two diseases that cause subclinical disease in African NHP species but induce clinical disease in Asian species.
Simian hemorrhagic fever and simian immunodeficiency virus
As a rule, at what frequency should animals be observed for signs of illness? a. twice daily b. daily c. every other day d. weekly
b. daily
The responsibility for reporting animal health concerns to the veterinarian falls on: a. the animal caretakers b. veterinary technicians c. laboratory staff d. everyone involved with animal care and use
d. everyone involved with animal care and use
True or False: If the investigator cannot be reached, or if the investigator and veterinarian cannot reach a consensus regarding course of action with a pressing health issue, the veterinarian must have authority to treat animals appropriately, remove animals from study, or perform euthanasia if necessary.
True
The Guide specifically mentions review of what type of records (related to veterinary care) during facility inspections?
Drug records and storage procedures should be reviewed during facility inspections
Researchers conducting surgical procedures should/must (choose one) have appropriate training to ensure that good surgical technique is practiced.
MUST
The ________, together with the __________, is responsible for determining that personnel performing surgical procedures are appropriately qualified and trained.
IACUC, AV
True or False: When surgical procedures are performed in an agricultural setting, there are no specific requirements for use of proper aseptic technique.
False - these procedures require the use of appropriate aseptic technique, sedatives, analgesics, anesthetics, and conditions commensurate with the risk to the animal’s health and well-being
Name three characteristics of a procedure that would qualify it as a major survival surgery.
1) penetrates and exposes a body cavity
2) produces substantial impairment of a physical or physiologic function
3) involves extensive tissue dissection or transection
True or False: Laparoscopy for determining the sex of a bird would be considered a major surgical procedure.
False
True or False: Aseptic technique is required for non-survival surgery.
False
If liquid sterilization of surgical instruments is performed, what are two specific considerations that are mentioned in The Guide?
Use with appropriate contact time and rinse with sterile water/saline before use.
True or False: Alcohol is neither a sterilant nor a high-level disinfectant.
True
______ is a phenomenon in which central pain sensitization results in a pain response to otherwise non-painful stimuli.
“wind up”
What is defined as an aversive state in which an animal fails to cope or adjust to various stressors with which it is presented.
Distress
List some criteria described in The Guide that should be considered in evaluating the appropriateness of euthanasia methods.
- Ability to induce loss of consciousness and death with no or only momentary pain, distress or anxiety
- Reliability
- Irreversibility
- Time required to induce unconsciousness
- Appropriateness for the species and age of the animal
- Compatibility with research objectives
- Safety of and emotional effect on personnel
True or False: It is generally well accepted that carbon dioxide euthanasia is the ideal method of euthanasia for rodents.
False
T/F: Helicobater bilis can infect rats and mice and may induce clinical disease in both species
True - one reason why separation of rat and mouse housing is a recommended
Name the two viruses that squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) may be latently infected with that can cause fatal epizootic disease in other NHPs?
Name the NHP genus that may be affected by this virus.
Herpesvirus saimiri and H. tamarinus, respectively
Owl monkeys (Aotus spp.)
Give four examples of infectious agents of rodents that may be subclinical, but can induce immunologic changes or alter physiologic, pharmacologic, or toxicologic responses.
Noroviruses
Parvoviruses
Mouse hepatitis virus
LCMV
Helicobacter spp.
Who shares the responsibility for ensuring that postsurgical care is appropriate?
The investigator and the veterinarian
A veterinarian should/must (choose one) be involved in discussions of the selection of anesthetic agenst and doses as well as the plan for perioperative analgesic use.
SHOULD
Asceptic surgery should be conducted in dedicated facilities or spaces except under what circumstances?
Exception is specfically justified as an essential component of the research protocol and approved by the IACUC
What determines whether a laparoscopic procedure is deemed to be a major or minor procedure?
These procedures should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by the veterinarian and IACUC
At a minimum, what should be part of a nonsurvival surgical procedure?
The surgical site should be clipped
The surgeon should wear gloves
The instruments and surrounding area should be clean
Define allodynia
A phenomenon in which central pain sensitization results in a pain response to otherwise nonpainful stimuli
Associated with unrelieved pain and “wind up”
For which species are the following behavior manifestations of pain or distress, as described in the Guide.
Vocalization
Depression
Anorexia
Rapid or labored respiration
Lack of grooming
Increased aggression
Periocular and nasal porphyrin discharge
Abnormal appearance or posture
Immobility
Vocalization = dogs
Depression = all
Anorexia = all
Rapid or labored respiration = rodents, birds, fish
Lack of grooming = mammals & birds
Increased aggression = mammals & birds
Periocular and nasal porphyrin discharge = rodents
Abnormal appearance or posture = all
Immobility = all
Agents that provide anesthesia and analgesia should/must (choose one) be used before their expiration dates
MUST
T/F: Generally, chemical agents are preferable to physical methods of euthanasia
True - scientific considerations may preclude the user of chemical agents for some protocols
T/F: All methods of euthanasia should be reviewed and approved by the veterinarian and IACUC
True
Death should/must (choose one) be confirmed by personnel trained to recognize cessation of vital signs in the species being euthanized
MUST
